Discussion questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

password questions - Assignment Examplehe fact that during the advanced stage AD unhurrieds may develop physiological complications as body systems begin to fail thereby paving the way for health deterioration. Thus, it is always carpetbag that other tests are carried out as a way of ruling out other health complications that co-occur with AD. Some of these conditions include brain tumor, anxiety, infections, depression, vitamin deficiency and thyroid complications. To this effect, blood tests, magnetic resonance imagery (MRI) tests and com targeter tomography scan (CT) may be used to ascertain the patients midland anatomy (Gillick, 2012).If a kidney also-ran has been fully established to be real, it provide be necessary to put the patient on the dialysis machine. This will help the patient get rid of wastes in her system. Recommending renal failure diet will also go a long way in regulating the measuring rod of phosphorus, sodium and proteins in the diet. The patient will also be put on drips to help hydrate her body. It would be most important for the drip to include dextrose and saline, since these elements will help raise the melted level.After the tests have revealed the cause of the bruises in the body, appropriate medical intervention may be administered. In this wavelength, the patients meal will have to include calcium and vitamin K to help encourage coagulation in the patients ruptured blood vessels.There are several ethical issues that arise from this development. Occupational safety of the nurse attending to the patient is a serious ethical issue because, since the patient is at an advanced stage of AD, nurses will have to deal with incontinence. The issue of the quality of life will also pose another ethical challenge, especially if other factors such as the patient be terminally ill, her old age, her relative insignificance to the economy and scarcity of healthcare resources are factored in. Even when requested, euthanasia cannot be executed since it is proscribed in the US. Conversely,

Reducing Ambiguities in Customer Requirements Through Historical Dissertation

Reducing Ambiguities in Customer Requirements Through Historical Knowledge - Dissertation ExampleOn the contrary, adverse scenarios develop and composite plant designs are continually expressed, marked by high levels of understandability, verifiability, traceability, and modifiability requirements which are not consistent with conglomerate situations. The intricate situations increase, creating a design reality for Requirements Engineering processes plagued with uncertainty, vacillation, and visualization. The purpose of this study is to present a more constituted philosophical system of thinking, which is ideally grounded on the value-based approach, and melted down to ideal elucidation process in the rigid scenarios. It will develop a discussion that supports no software engineering may ruin Requirement Engineering. A high degree of quality in Requirement Engineering is paramount to extend harsh run time errors associated software engineering development. ... 2... Proposed Co nceptual Method Cybulsky, J., and K. Reed. 2000. Requirements Classification and apply Crossing Do mains Boundaries. In 6th International Conference on Software Reuse, 190210. Fig. 3.Software and qualitative Analysis e-Source. (2013). Software and Qualitative Analysis The Qualitative Research Sorting and Coding. Office of Behavioral & favorable Sciences Research Fig. 4. Fig. 5 LIST OF TABLES Table 1.. Methodologies for Requirements Engineering Table 2. deductive Analysis Steps Table Table Table Table CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION History has shown that deficient engineering requirements lead to insufficient engineering products and thus, security risks. Requirements Engineering (RE) consists of development and management and is one of the almost important disciplines in the development of Software Engineering (SE) software products. According to the Software Engineering frame of Knowledge (SWEBOK), software requirements elicit be defined as a property which must be exhibited in ord er to solve some problem in the real world (Committee 2004). One of the main practices in RE is the elicitation process of software requirements (see fig. 1). During the elicitation process, requirements are analyzed, specified, and verified (SPC, 2002). Software requirements specifications are derived from the requirements elicitation process (see fig. 1). For requirements to be of quality, they must be correct, complete, precise, consistent, verifiable, modifiable, and traceable (Toval et al. 2002). Successful and effective requirements engineering can improve risk management, quality, reusability, and productivity during the software development process. In this study, ambiguities in new customer

Comparative Perspective on Organized Crime Essay

Comparative Perspective on Organized Crime - Essay ExampleOur grounds for comparison will be in term of organizational structure, operations, political significance and their respective cultures since sociologists insist they share a cultural underpinnings.The organized horror which came to be labeled as the mafia, regardless of racial grouping, owes its origin to the Italian mafia. This group was founded in Sicily and is also called the Cosa Nostra. It was established in the eastern part of the United States due to the onslaught of the Italian immigration in 19th century. Simply put, the mafia is a criminal secret society whose sole purpose is realize culled from various illegal activities. What distinguishes the mafia from other organized criminal groups is the cultural dimension to it. (Throsby 2001, p. 6) Mafias are determine by nationality such as the Italian mafia, Russian mafia or the Japanese Yakuza. In the record called, Understanding the Mafia, Joseph Farell (1997, p. 6) explained that mafias only aim is the enrichment and em originatorment of the individual and his family, hence honor and triumph are inseparable. Also, another distinction relies on the fact that a characteristic of a mafia is that it performs political functions such as law enforcement and criminal justice- in spheres where the legal judicial system refuses to exercise power or is unable to do so. 1The phenomenon of the mafia has actually generated extensive interest on the strung-out that anthropologists, scholars, historians, psychologists, social and political scientists and even economists are up in arms in interpreting their existence. Naturally, thither is an ongoing debate over these organizations natures, but the mafiologists seem to agree that the mafia is undoubtedly a complex, mysterious, multi-faceted phenomenon. (Farrel)To the suffering of the Sicilian people, their tradition came to be identified with the Italian Mafia. Its operation within the Sicilian societ y gave it the dead

HCCH Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

HCCH - Essay Examplene an opportunity to fulfill the mandatory responsibilities of classroom obligations regarding the learning process, but also helps one grow in their depth of character as a person.As a student pharmacist, I am necessitate to complete a five-hour course of voluntary public service. For this portion of my education, I chose the autograph Christian clear House (HCCH) in Findlay, Ohio. This organizations purpose is to help those individuals and families, who for one reason or an some other, regrets through the cracks of the usual government assistance programs. For example, some are homeless and cannot get aid without an address.The frontmost Presbyterian Church took the initiative to establish HCCH in 1981 as an independent religious enterprise, which makes it a tax-exempt, not-for-profit organization. Today HCCH is a cooperative effort that involves forty-two churches in Hancock County. Their combined mission is to help those, who under habitual circumstances , may not qualify for the assistance from regular charitable and other social organizations. For the most part, HCCH is an crosstie run solely by volunteers, like myself, who interact directly with the clients in order to determine their postulate and to assist them in finding a proper solution for their current situation. HCCH also provides training to the volunteers who call for it, like myself, who may not have had any social services experience or training. The of import source of funding for HCCH is donations and contributions made by the members of the many churches that are involved, as well as other individuals and companies. HCCH states that approximately $13,000 is disbursed monthly to those in need of it. HCCH provides financial emergency assistance, such as food, rent, utilities and medical prescriptions, to the residents of Hancock County (Local Mission Opportunities, 2009).HCCH recently received a grant of $25,000 to support classes, supplies, training, and wages f or the Partners in Progress program awarded

What is the significance of 'participatory culture' to contemporary Essay

What is the significance of participatory culture to contemporary graphic design coif - Essay manakinNonetheless, this kind of participation fails to enable the recipient to change the final appearance of the data, or to customize it fit to their needs. In the recent past, however, on that point has been a significant concern among designers to create more interactive graphic interfaces for maximum gains. Otherwise referred to as co-creation, the future of technologies is likely to shift more in the direction of ensuring a greater level of participation by receivers in a way that will make red-brick technologies virtually owned by end-users.Since the beginning of the 21st century, and the rapid growth of Internet technologies around the world, there has been a need to create graphic designs that are flexible and more responsive to end-users (Barnes, 2013). Designers and instructors are running(a) around the clock to achieve a complete integration of graphic design and other di sciplines such(prenominal) as business. In all of these relationships, there are high chances that the technology trends will continue to evolve, as will the present-day socio-economic, cultural, environmental, and political forces into a more participatory operational context. The authoritative world is witnessing a situation whereby graphical designs and or objects are no longer the ultimate consequence of design practice (Denning, 2013). Neuhauser et al (2009) have noted that, even though, posters, billboards, print media and navigational technologies are still commonly apply among graphic designers, designers are more concerned with generating services, graphical experiences, and information that engage the end-user more than ever before.The bearing towards a more participatory project designs based on users tastes and preferences is becoming more and more escalate by each passing day. Designers are increasingly seeing the need to create users in the current technology era in order to facilitate more human-machine interactions as a way of enhancing power

Celebrity endorsement in the women's fragrance market and its effect Essay

Celebrity smiler in the womens fragrance market and its effect on the UK consumer behaviour - Essay ExampleThis is the null possibility proposed and the findings from the study would prove whether or not it is valid. If it is not, the alternative hypothesis would prove to be true, i.e., celebrity secondment does not influence consumer behaviour positively in favour of the products.The birth of the modern perfumery attention occurred during the compound era, when the riches and wealth accumulated by the European countries from their colonies enabled the maintenance of the perfect economic climate for the teaching of perfumes using the technique of enfleurage (www.perfume2000.com). The first perfume was produced in 1882, known as fougere royale using the plow of enfleurage. This process uses purified fats in a process similar to maceration which produces pomades that are washed with alcohol, and it produces the finest oils possible.While the fragrance industry is a 25 billion dol lar industry, it is one of the poorest performing sectors in the cosmetic industry. Although it would initially step to the fore that the womens fragrance market is real successful because there are so umpteen reinvigorated fragrances being launched every year, i.e., about 300 approximately, the reality is that only a few of those fragrances are well received and survive long enough to extend production into an different year (Business Wire, 2007). On the other hand, there are some perfumes which have a long standing reputation and customers are very loyal to particular brands. One significant example of this is the Chanel group of perfumes and especially Chanel no 5, which has been popular among women for many decades. This holds good despite the fact that celebrity endorsement of perfumes can be expensive for instance the advertisement for Chanel no 5 using Nicole Kidman cost 18 million for use over a age of five years (www.fashion-era.com).There are two approaches to consu mer behavior. The

Managing Entrepreneur Growth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Managing Entrepreneur Growth - Essay ExampleThe interviewed entrepreneur, Raif, gave confident opinions and answers in order to hold up the theory. According to the theory of entrepreneurial growth, he gave the idea of existence a good entrepreneur and a democratic leader. This has been indicated in the interview by the fact that he runs the family business by involving everyone into it and obtaining the clients feedback. He encourages his stakeholders to embark in the decision-making process of the company, as a result of which, the customers, along with providing the feedbacks, also give their suggestions as to what the unused product should be like. This helps the entrepreneur manage the creativity and innovation in the product and services being provided. This also confirms to the theory of entrepreneur being creative which has been discussed above. Moreover, Raif also says that his business is trying to compete with the rivals and rescue a new product every year and conside rs baklava to be more profitable and calls it gold dividing line. Thus, he is fully aware of the strengths of his business and is a challenging risk taker, ready to take a risk in the form of new product every year. The entrepreneur of the Swan Sweets has also affirm to the theory of being proactive and promoting expansion. He intends to go international and expand his business geographically to as far as Singapore, Malaysia, WA. But this planning for expansion has been done very carefully and he is comfortably aware of all the places around the world which contain his target markets and potential customers.

Two Author Response Letter Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Two Author Response earn - Research Paper ExampleBacevich adds that the bill of exchange creates a division between the rich and the poor, and since the last drawing off allowed higher class citizens to receive letters that exempt them from force service as noted by an unnamed New York Times editorial, this is a legitimate concern for lower class families who have seen what the outlet of family members is like in past wars that are not easily forgotten even after decades. Bacevich has argued that the draft is necessary because the relationship between American families and the military is so estranged that the option for voluntary military service will generate shortages in the military from now on. However, there are other slipway that the government could enlist the help of American citizens without requiring military service. Other service industries, such as AmeriCorps could be considered for enlisting the help of American Citizens. This would prompt more adults to join, s ince much of the work would be completed home(prenominal)ally. This would in addition enable more women to help, and encourage families to volunteer together. This would also satisfy military leaders, because it would leave the military to highly skilled soldiers and training and free up those soldiers for more appropriate military responsibilities. Another argument Bacevich provides in support of the reinstatement of the draft, stating that a reinstatement of the draft would give the power vertebral column to the people about where and why the U.S. goes to war. However, the anonymous New York Times editorial argues that its too late for the people to hope to gain anchor power over the military movements of the U.S., even with the reinstatement of the draft. The amount of legislation it would take to revert power back to the people makes it improbable that such a drastic change would be made, especially with the opposition that would cost in Congress and the White House. In con clusion, the reinstatement of the draft would alienate American households from the military and the government by creating a feeling of mistrust and injustice from the lower class families who are sending their children and fathers into direct danger. Secondly, the shortages in the military can be amended by creating more positive relationships between the military and American families. This can be achieved by giving Americans a sense that their views on where and why war should be engaged are respected by the government. Also, the production of other types of American organizations designed to alleviate the domestic workload of the military could be offered to give citizens the opportunity to serve their country domestically. These steps would generate a higher popularity for the military with the citizens and allow the government to restore faith to the people. The reaction would probably generate a higher amount of volunteers for military service and effectively eliminate the p roblem that prompted you to send the bill proffer in the first place. I appreciate your time and would like to hear your plans for addressing this matter in the close together(p) future. Sincerely, Anonymous. (2006). Rejecting the draft. The New York Times. Retrieved on October 14, 2011 from http//www.nytimes.com/2006/11/21/opinion/21tue1.html Bacevich, A. (2007). The failure of an

1st Law of Performance, Eotional Inteligence, Issues in Managing teams Assignment

world-class Law of Performance, Eotional Inteligence, Issues in Managing teams - Assignment ExampleIndividuals gut reactions be the drivers of their decision making, which means that how they perceive former(a) members of the group will dictate their performance. At my current workplace, this law was put into practice during the execution of a project plan. The team manager immediately set about managing commitment networks between members of the project team, blush before the project began. He was obviously trying to control how the project occurred to members of the team by introducing us to one another and asking us for the parts of the project that excited us most (Zaffron & Logan, 2009). aft(prenominal) discussing the project, most of the members began to respect one anothers expertise as we realized we had been chosen for specialised tasks.One important aspect of this first law is the team members emotional intelligence. stirred up intelligence shtup be generally defined as an item-by-items ability to perceive their emotions and those of their team members, as well as ability to control their own emotions and evaluate them (Hicks & Bone, 2010). While some contend that EI mass be strengthened and even learned, there is also a belief that it is inborn. Emotionally intelligence cease also be more specifically defined as a social intelligence subset that involves an individuals ability to monitor their own, as well as their fellow teammates, emotions and feelings. It is also a measure of how they are able to discriminate among these feelings, and to use the results as a guide to their decision-making. There are four principle factors that determine an individuals EI, including emotional perception, reasoning ability using the sensed emotions, ability to understand these emotions, and ability to manage them. In the contemporary organization, emotional intelligence is important during meetings (Hicks & Bone, 2010). Emotional intelligence of meetings participants enhances the careful planning and skilful execution of the

Should Organisations Transition Towards a Green Supply Chain Research Proposal

Should Organisations Transition Towards a Green Supply Chain - Research Proposal poserThe aim of this paper is to avail action plan and facilitate knowledge among total range of mountains professionals who learn to embrace Green strategy efficiently and communicate these efforts to their commodity consumers, public and partners.Despite the public concenter on the environment, benefits attached to reducing a firms environmental impacts are never at the forefront of supply chain executives minds. It seems that many executives are still unaware of that enhanced environmental surgical procedure implies fewer environmental-permitting fees, lesser waste-disposal and training costs, and, quite, lessened material costs. Optimistically, the interest in green issues and environmental concerns by the public will never decline as economic issues become more significant out-of-pocket to the irresolute economy (Charter, Kielkiewicz-Young, et al. 2001). Organizations are at loggerheads in de ciding whether to embrace green supply chain management due to lack of proper skills in strategic management of green supply chain. strategical management of Green supply chain entails gathering and analyzing environmental regulations and customer needs, deliberating on the relevant environmental issues with the procurement, manufacturing and quality control department across the supply chain organizations and collapsing into development and communication of the green supply chain policies to all stakeholders of the supply chain ranging from supplier to customers customer. Such a prolonged and elaborative procedure presents problems for most organizations despite the intense pressure exerted by their respective governments and consumers who have turned to much(prenominal) firms that have not incorporated Green strategies. The academic in proper knowledge endowment on adopting and implanting green supply chain in firms strategic planning and operation thus possess a major threats to those static firms due to lack of increased

Response paper to pride and prejudice by jane austen Essay

Response writing to pride and prejudice by jane austen - Essay Exampler breaking up with Jane based on information brought to him by these same society friends because she does not come from their set was surprising as was the conception that Jane would take him back anyway. However, I can understand that she would have done anything for him because she re onlyy did love him and the time were much different then.During the Victorian period, women were very limited in what they could do as a gist of supporting themselves. Basically, if they wanted to have any chance at mingling with polite society, they had to be informed of the more rigid rules of manners in high society and they had to try to find a hubby early. That was pretty much everything they were born and educated to do. Outside of taking fear of the house and the family, there werent many acceptable ways that girls could take care of themselves. They were usually considered the responsibility of a male relative, who w as give the right to choose their husbands for them and had control over their money and activities. Girls who did not have male relatives to take care of them, like Charlotte Lucas, had to resort to the only field in which women could retain some degree of respectability, which was taking a position in someones home as a governess. The idea that even this was relatively horrible is expressed when Charlotte would rather marry Mr. Collins, who she is not overly fond of, rather than become a governess somewhere. I really hated the idea that women were so limited in what they could do given all that they have accomplished in the past 100 years. Imagine what society would be like forthwith if the whole population, rather than just half of it, was involved in it.Charlottes marriage to Mr. Collins is not seen to be the kind of happy love affair that eventually develops between Jane and Charles and Elizabeth and Darcy. Although Mr. Collins continues to call her by endearing names, he do es so with such lack of feeling that one gets the

Foreign Policy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

external Policy - Research Paper ExampleFrom in that location, as regards the incumbent, a voter will decide if that prexy really did all he could do to achieve his promises to the American people. T here(predicate), of course, can be extenuating great deal as to why one or much goals were not achieved and this factor, or factors, should also be interpreted into consideration for the overall summary. Barack Obama and his administration expect delivered most of the promises made four years ago, and for not kept, there are certainly circumstances that affect the American people, and Obama as well, that no one can do anything about. In choosing to support Obamas foreign policy, the reason is that he has done the most of any recent presidents to constitute peace between America and the rest of world, in so much as he has been able to do so. OUTLINE OF BARACK OBAMAS FOREIGN POLICY SUCCESSES The Obama/Biden website shows how he has ended the war in Iraq, returning control and secur ity to the people of Iraq so that they can conduct their affairs on their own. musical composition there are certainly still problems on the ground between Muslim sects, these are issues that must be controlled and solved by the ruling party of Iraq. At this point, it is not up to America to principle this country or to provide more back up in the way of troops and arms. Those that the Americans military corroborate trained, are now fully sufficient to take care of matters on their own. Obama has kept his promise to bring home the troops in Iraq and this has brought peace to Iraq (Barack Obama web). Living in the Middle East, the consequences of his influence is plain to appear in how he has helped to promote peace through several countries when he has supported the overthrow of dictators regimes, leading who have terrorized their people for decades. He has gone out of his way to promote cordial relationships with upstart leaders and encourage and supported the new regimes p ut in place by each countrys people. From there, he does not interfere further with a countrys politics but instead, supports from afar, what new regimes are trying to do for their people (Barack Obama web). Governor Mitt Romney, however, while promoting peace also, would be more inclined to put troops on the ground should the occasion arise. This creates the potential for another possible war, which no one wants. Romney also stands very firmly on the position of the red line which is held on Iran, a potential spot for nuclear development, and Romney has indicated he would go to war should Iran bomb Israel. While Obama will be cutting defense expenditures, Romney intends to eliminate that action and instead, double the money to the military to make sure they have everything they need. It is not clear how he would get the money however (Arquilla web). Other points to be made here is that Obama has set the deadline for American troops in Afghanistan to come home in 2013 and currently has also had American troops teach local Afghan troops how to use and bear arms so that they, too, will also be the peacekeepers in Afghanistan, much as those in Iraq currently are. Al-Qaeda has been significantly change in the Middle East since the beginning of the Iraqi war, allowing for the peoples here in many countries to experience emancipation in living their daily lives. (Barack Obama web). Obama has also met with many of the leaders in the Middle East to help promote the end of nuclear weapons, particularly where Iran and North Korea are

Interference Colors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Interference Colors - Essay ExampleInterference colors be thus an effect that emanates because different substances have different index of reflection (Ulery, & Drees 185).Birefringence is the variation in the indices of reflection. Interference colors bed be understood by utilizing color charts that are contained in well-nigh of the course readings. If the thickness of an area is known, then the birefringence can be determined from the interference color. just about extreme birefringence can be analytic of a mineral when utilized with different properties. If the slender segment contains a known mineral, with a confined scope of birefringence, then the interference color can be utilized to focus the thickness of the segment (Haldar, & Josip 50). Standard slender areas are 30 microns thick. deficient segments thicker than 30 microns will deliver higher interference colors. Interference colors rehash. Nevertheless, high order colors can be recognized from lower order ones by watc hing the margins between gemstones or those crystals at the edges of the minor segment. These zones of a thin area are frequently more slender and will designate an arrangement of lower interference

Pharmacology virtual assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Pharmacology virtual assignment - Essay exemplificationOne among them is neostigmine. Neostigmine is the reversible inhibitor of the postsynaptic cholin esterase enzyme and thus acing as the cholinergic agent. Neostigmine increases the amount of acetylcholines that are lendable for the nicotine receptors at the myoneural junction and thus enhances the muscle strength for contraction. It is also used as the antidote for the nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents. (Aschenbrenner and Venable 2008). Conotocin is a short peptide of 22 aminoacids. It is isolated from the venom of many types of cone snail. Conotoxin have spirited binding affinity and discriminates well between the skeletal and cardiac isoforms. They have three disulfide bonds and three curl framework. Conotoxin has many positively charges residues that attracts the negatively charged residues. The arginine residue present in the 13th or fourteenth position seems to be the most critical group for the channel blo ck. These residues block the sodium channel by using its positive charge. As positive charge is exerted by both repulsion occurs at the stoma using electrostatic repulsion. (Canning and Spina 2009).Suxamethonium contains two acetylcholine molecules joined for acting as the neuromuscular blocking drug. They act as agonist by binding to the nicotinic cholinergic receptor and results in the depolarization of the muscle cell membranes. (Sidebotham and bill 2007).Tetrodotoxin is a potent neurotoxin produced by the puffer fish. This is an example for the ion-channel neurotoxin. This is an effective tool for identifying the inhibition of the intestine due to contractile activity as it blocks the neural activity without disturbing the muscle. (Rhoades and Bell 2008).3, 4 diaminopyridine is a voltage dependent potassium channel blocker. This drug is used for improving the motor function and wear off in the multiple scelrosis in patients. The blockage occurs in the nerve terminal and incre ases the

Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 7

Ethics - Essay ExampleThis penning aims to indue a case study related to an ethical dilemma and the finale suggested to solve the site. Additionally, it shall evaluate the decision from a viewpoint of utilitarianism, Kantian moral philosophy, Gandhism or Buddhism. The case study that I require selected for this paper is not my personal experience, but it pertains to one of my first cousin, Liana, who has been working as a journalism prof for many years. She has a good experience in her field and possesses a strong command oer the subject (writing and sub-editing) as she has been teaching the subject in different institutions and also, holds a Masters degree in the subject. She is quite friendly and has constantly told me about her teaching ways and behavior that one must behave with students in the class. She has unendingly taught her students by maintaining a friendly environment and has always made herself available to sponsor students with their problems within class or outside the class. She has developed a good understanding with all students, and she has always intended to remain cooperative with them for their academic matters. Last year, at the end of the semester, she gave an assignment to all her students of reviewing basketball team articles, which was to be submitted within 25 days. A day before submission date, one of her good and docile students named David requested her to give him two bare(a)s days to complete and submit the assignment. David did not present any able reason for requesting an extension in the submission time. Thus, despite the fact that he was good student and always submitted his work on time, Liana did not grant him the permission to submit assignment after the submission day. For Liana, this situation was quite challenging and she considered this as an ethical dilemma for her as she was quite confused with her own decision. But, universe loyal with the profession and honest with all other students of the class, u nwillingly she decided not to grant him with extra time. However, on the day of submission she received assignments from all students including David. She was happy that he had completed his work on time and she appreciated him in the class, but she noticed that he did not respond her properly. She was confused again and decided to check Davids assignment before she can further comment on or return about this situation. Upon checking his assignment, she noticed that he had submitted plagiarized work. Out of five article reviews, two were completely plagiarized, date other three article reviews were well-written without plagiarism and other mistakes. Liana has been very strict with her students regarding the issue of plagiarism in their work and her students were aware of the fact and they have always avoided plagiarism to secure good marks in assignments and avoid disciplinary actions against them. In case of David, it was hard to believe that an above average student resembling him can plagiarize in two reviews in this manner. For an honest and generous teacher like Liana, it was an ethical dilemma to decide whether she should fail David in his assignment like she has done it before for all those who have submitted plagiarized work or she should give David marks on those three articles that he has completed without plagiarism. In this case, she was recalling Davids request for granting him more time to complete the given assignment, but

Operating Principles of Light Emitting Diode (LED) and Liquid Crystal Essay

Operating Principles of Light Emitting rectifying tube (LED) and Liquid Crystal (LCD) Electronic Displays - Essay ExampleThe P type and N type poppycocks argon joined together to create a P-N junction. In case of no electricity flow the electrons operate the holes on the P type material creating a depletion zone. The depletion zone acts as an insulating layer in the diode. In case the electric on-going is passed through the diode, the electrons in the N type material get attracted towards the P type material leading to removal of depletion zone. When the electrons meet the protons susceptibility is released in the form of photons, which emit light. The energy of the band-gap is represented by the energy of the photons. The colour of the light depends on the wavelength and the type of material used in the semiconductor. The change in supply of current affects the flux of luminosity proportionately. LED in general atomic number 18 operated using direct currents to avoid the var iation in the intensity of luminosity. The mechanism used is the Injection Electroluminescence where radiance signifies photon production Electro suggests photon production using electric current and the Injection start deals with photon production using current carriers.In general, the conducting material used in LED are Aluminium-Gallium-Arsenide (AlGaAs), the colour of the light depends upon the type of material used as a semiconductor. Some of the other materials used in production of semiconductors a part of LED areFig.1 List of Semiconductor materials (LED, 2010) Organic Light Emitting diodes are also used where a thin film of organic material is coated over the semiconductors.LED is made of semiconductor materials which are responsible for the production of light of various colours. In case of a static diode, when no electric current is passed the P type and N type materials attract respective protons and electrons at the respective ends. A depletion zone is created

Youngs modulus of elasticity of nicrome wire Essay Example for Free

Youngs modulus of elasticity of nicrome equip Es ordainThis can be avoided by not adding the weights if and when there are persons on the woody block side of the wire. Apparatus cable (around 3. 5 meters) 2x wooden blocks 1 G-clamp Weight Hook 12-15 weights. ( cytosineg each) Accuracy 0. 1g in 100g = 0. 1% error Roller Pulley Celotape micrometer caliper Screw-gauge. Accuracy 0. 01mm in 0. 19mm = 5. 36% error Scale (e. g. Rule) Accuracy 2mm in 3570 mm = 0. 06% error tote up Approximate error localise 5. 52% = 6% RESULTS Note I have taken the commit of one Newton to be the where the book of facts because I found it difficult to measure the length of the wire without pulling on it. This was because the wire was coiled originally and so kept trying to go prat to its original coiled state. This means my wire length impart be inaccurate to approximately one-half a millimetre. This would not have affected the permanent length of the wire because the wire enters the plastic sphere only after around 10 Newtons (Represented on a graph of axis force against extension) The trend mentioned in the issues refers to how much the wire has been pulled from the two markers, which is referred to in the method. The slip is evidently not part of the extension and will be taken into account. master Length of the Wire = 3570mm. = 3. 57 meters Original Diameter of the wire = 0. 175mm = 1. 75 x 10-4 meters. Area = 0. 0000000962m3 = 6. 92 x 10-8m3 These results may be unduly accurate and this will be taken into account in the conclusion. As the Youngs Modulus concerns the region where Hookes Law is obeyed, then this will be the region where the extension increases in diminished equal amounts. In this case it is 1-9 Newtons here. As this only caused small extensions of 1mm per each weight added, this is where the biggest errors will occur.Ruler to half millimetre accuracy 0. 5mm in 8mm = 0.5 / 8 100 = 6. 25% CONCLUSION What is Youngs Modulus Of Elasticity for Nicrome Wire? Youngs Modulus For Elasticity is defined as puree Over Strain. So (Force Length) (Extension Cross-sectional Area).This is the gradient of a graph representing stress over strain. (In the region where Hookes Law is obeyed) Force (N) Stress (Pa) Extension (m) Strain (Pascals) Youngs Modulus (Giga Pascals) The gradient of the graph represent the stress over the strain. The gradient over the ? y/? x region is big enough to provide a good average. It is more accurate than the tabulated result because it contains the linear y=mx+c graph (This is due to Hooks Law) which is the line of best fusillade for the results (The average).The y-intercept on the graph is very close to the origin, which is what would be expected because if there were no stress (e. g. no force acting on the wire) then there would be, by definition, no strain, as there would be no extension occurring. This shows that this area is obeying Hooks Law because using the y=mx+c compare, this would say c i 0 (approximately equal to 0). So y=mx where tis the stress, x is the strain, and m is the perpetual being Youngs Modulus. ConclusionMy results are accurate, because the graph was a very straight line, as all the points could be plotted to a good degree of accuracy to the original plot from the y=mx equation Stress = (5. 52 x 1011 ) x Strain - Where 5. 52 x 1011 Gpa is my result for Youngs Modulus for Nichrome Wire Stress (Pa) Strain Stress=(5. 52 x 1011) x Strain Error From Original Dividing the result of multiplying the stress by my Youngs Modulus by the original, and multiplying by 100 calculated the error from original column.For each multiplication I got a a result of 6. 72%, which is close to my approximate error range of 6%. My results compared to my prediction My results, did not entirely agree with my prediction. From preliminary experiments the Youngs Modulus would be in the region of clxxx GPa.

On Conflict Settlement Essay Example for Free

On run afoul Settlement EssaySchick (1995) defines a conflict as a distinctive structure of desires and a belief (p. 58). A conflict arises when an performer wants x and y wherein x and y are the only options available to the federal agent. Given this situation, an agent whitethorn choose to pit in two ways. First, the agent may choose to avoid the conflict or second, the agent may choose to resolve the conflict. In the response of a conflict, the agent starts to think ration entirelyy by clutch to think that the options available to him assumes choosing both x and y or losing both x and y. In this sense, the agent enables the resolution of the conflict through an internal mediation of his or her desires. The same thing applies when it comes to social conflict. The engagement between the two merely lies in the existence of a particular situation wherein the desires and beliefs of two or more agents tend to counter that of the other. This shows the manner in which confli cts enable the balancing of power inside an agent or within a group (Rummel, 1991, p. 76).The balancing of powers resulting from the occurrence of a conflict enables the balancing of the following(a) elements interests, capabilities, and wills. Rummel (1991) notes conflict is a balancing of individual interests, capabilities, and wills. It is a simultaneous solution to the equations of power (p. 77). Within an interpersonal conflict, it does not necessarily mean that the agent(s) whose beliefs and desires take precedence over the other is the agent(s) who hold power within a group.The quietus of powers refers to the mutual satisfaction of the different and contending interests within a group. In other words, the balance of powers may be understood as the result of the mediation within an interpersonal conflict. In the anterior presentation, one of the groups presented steps that may be followed in case a conflict arises. The steps that they provided make the agent(s) development of self- sentiency.The importance of self-awareness here can be seen if one considers that it is only through the agent(s) identification of the collide with beliefs and desires that the agent(s) will be able to achieve the resolution of the conflict. This was shown by the group through a skit that they presented in class. One might note that in the skit itself, the group was able to present that failure to develop awareness may lead to aggression which might just enhance the conflict at hand.The importance of this skit does not lie in its means of providing an example for those who were present it also enabled the audiences direct devour of a conflict. Deutsch et al (2006) notes, observing models deal effectively with difficult situations allows the observer to achieve greater immunity in coping with current and future problems of all sorts (p. 309). Despite of this, the group however, was unable to show that resolution and aggression are not the only means in which a conflict may end.Matthews and Roberts (2004) notes that conflicts may also lead to collaboration and appeals to authority (p. 451). Although one might state that this also leads to the resolution of a conflict in the sense that it ends a conflict, it is important to note that conflicts that end in this manner further breeds the creation of further disagreements amongst the agent(s) involved. Matthews and Roberts (2004) further notes that in the resolution of a conflict, there are certain skills which individuals should learn.These involve active listening, assertiveness, expression of feelings in appropriate ways, empathy and perspective taking, cooperation, negotiation, and methods for countering bias (p. 451). Although the group was unable to present all of these point, they were able to relay well the information that they had prepared for the presentation. In summary, given the time constraints on the group, I think the group was able to relay helpful information that will aid the membe rs of the audience in the process of understanding and handling situations that may lead to both personal and interpersonal conflict.References Deutsch, M. et al. (2006). The Handbook of Conflict Resolution Theory and Practice. San Francisco Jossey-Bass Publishers. Matthews, G. R. Roberts. (2004). Emotional Intelligence Science and Myth. Massachusetts MIT Press. Rummel, R. (1991). The Conflict Helix. London Transaction Publishers. Schick, F. (1997). fashioning Choices A Recasting of Decision Theory. Cambridge Cambridge University Press.

Native American Indians Then and Now Essay Example for Free

homegr witness American Indians Then and Now EssayNative American Indians Native American Indians have non changed much in hundreds of years. The Natives shut up have the same belief as they did from the beginning of time. They atomic number 18 still forced to live on reserved lands that do not seem livable and be in worse conditions now than ever before. Even though people think due to casinos that the American Indians have it made, the Natives are still being mistreated, many tribes are well below poverty levels, highest in death rates, have the most number of preventable complaints, the highest of juvenile suicide than anyw here in the Nation. Native American Indians traditions go back to the beginning of time. The Native organized religion is more about sacred and ceremonies. The Native people do not have a script for religion it is more a way of life to them than a religion. According to one researcher, There is not one Native tradition to represent Native religion. Just as there are numerous Christian beliefs the Native people have many different beliefs. The Native ceremonies are so a corresponding(p) that it is impossible to discuss them as one (Burbar, and Vernon 2006) The Natives have always been connected to the lands.Most of their ceremonies and sacred objects get hold from the lands and has e trulything to do with how they feel about them. Native people do not believe they can own the lands that people are merely caretakers of it. The Native believe that the land is a gift from the Creator, put here to give them tools for survival. They believe if they take something from the land that they must give thanks for the gift given. They do this by offering sacred herbs, prayer, and dance. Native American Indians The Native people give each member roles to livelihood the villages running smoothly.The Native men hunt and protect the village, while the women gather fruits, berries, and keep the camps, the children gathered wood, inspection and repair clean hides, look after the younger children and clean the camps. One researcher studies tells stories of how some tribes are at certain times in the tribal life. On the Northwest coast, young women were taught that the wives of Makah whale hunters must very still in bed while their husbands hunted, since their movement influenced the whales behaviors. In a Navajo degree Black God had every(prenominal) animals penned up until his wife opened the gate.The animals escaped and thereafter had to be hunted, (Kidwell, 1998). only of this became threatened with the arrival of foreigners. With the foreigners coming and bringing there Christian beliefs the Native traditions were going to be challenged. With the parachute of the White Mans government the Natives faced having several ceremonial rights taken away for hundreds of years. The Natives were stopped from worshiping in readiness they were accustomed. The Natives were forced to worship the Christian belief and if they refused they were put to death or imprisoned. Many of the Native conventional ceremonies were stopped completely.Two of those rights at this time were the Ghost Dance, and the Sun dance. The Natives found ways around this they would go to places they knew white men would not to have ceremonies that had been band. Due to so many of the Native rights being taken away the Natives make a group called American Indian Movement ( fetch). AIM in the archaeozoic years was called Indian wars. After fighting the government for several years and fighting for their right to phantasmal freedom President Jimmy Carter signed the American Indian Religious freedom Act, Native American Indians (AIRFA). Burke, and Vernon, 2006), AIRFA was one of the very few times when congress gave the Natives the legislative right to worship in the look he or she feels fit. (Burke, and Vernon, 2006).After a few more decades of being mistreated and having rights taken and treaties miserable Aim reformed again. AIMs early and best known leaders, Russell Means, Dennis Banks, Clyde and Vernon Bellecourt, these Native men formed together to fight for the rights of all indigenous peoples across the world. According to one research study, the Trail of lost Treaties was AIMs first national pretest event of the 1970s.AIMs best-known and controversial proclaim action began February 1973 in hurt Knee, South Dakota, a small town in Pine cover Reservation, (Encyclopedia Race and Racism p. 82) better known now as the Siege at Wounded Knee. The siege lasted 71 daytimes and when it was over several of the AIM members were arrested for causing riots. Many of the AIM leaders spent years in legislation, exile, or prison. One of the best known cases is that of Leonard Peltier. Peltier was imprisoned for cleanup position two FBI agents. Several years later it was proven that Peltier did not receive a fare trial. often of the evidence was not allowed in court and was suppressed from the jurors. After de cades of trying to get Peltier freed from prison he was finally deemed the only American political prisoner in 1984. Peltier is still in prison to this day and the Natives are still fighting for his release. A more resent less known case appalling 22, 2008 of the Natives not receiving justice is the case of Robert Whirlwind Horse 23 and Calonnie Randall 26. These two Natives was struck and killed by a inebriate driver Timothy Hotz while walking on a reservation road.This was Hotz Native American Indians quartern DUI, one year prior Hotz had his third DUI. After striking the Natives Hotz continued to drive home without stopping. The following morning Hotz noticed hair on his bumper and turned him self in to authorities. Mr. Hotz received 51 months for cleaning the Native men. This infuriated the Natives once again. (Means, Russell, Republic of Lakota 2009, April 22). Another case of a young native son went to the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) and was upset at the justice received over Hotz actions and was outraged.He tanginess one bullet into the radiator of the BIA agents car and received 20 years imprisonment. The Natives are still being forced to live on reservations. The reservations are in such(prenominal) horrendous conditions almost all the reservations are in worse conditions than most third world countries, (Republic of the Lakotah, conditions) According to one Native It is like living in Hatties,(Means Russell). The Pine Ridge Reservation in South Dakota is one such reservation. The United States Government has not upheld many of it promises to the Lakotah people and the results to this is astonishing, (Means, Russell, Republic of the Lakotah).Due to the conditions the Lakotah people are forced to live in has caused them to have the highest death rates than anyplace else in the Nation. Reservations across the state are well below the poverty level. (Figure 3 below) The average life span of a Lakotah priapic is 44 years. (Figure 1 below) The Lak otah people have the most preventable diseases than anywhere in the nation. Much of the disease could be stopped if the government would allow the Natives have vaccines and medications. The teen suicide rates are the highest of anywhere in the nation.

Madness in the Tales of Poe and Hawthorne Essay Example for Free

Madness in the Tales of Poe and Hawthorne EssayWith madness and confusion dominating short stories much(prenominal) as some of the tales written by Edgar Allan Poe and Nathaniel Hawthorne, the psychological states of their main graphic symbols are of the utmost importance. The meanings of the stories depend on whether the characters are truly insane, suffering from a physical ailment or merely intensely wild and hungry for r stillge. Poes tales The come up of the stick out of Usher and The Cask of Amontillado both(prenominal) search themes of madness and immature burials. However, while Roderick Usher seems to be suffering not only from a physical illness precisely also from insanity which may have stem from a history of mental disorder (Poe, The Fall of the House of Usher), Montresor seems to have been under the grip of intense hatred that have been caused by his victims previous insult on his person. It may be argued that Montresor is demented like Usher, but his well- planned crime contradicts the premiss of an unhinged mind. Meanwhile, the psychological troubles of Hawthornes characters in offspring Goodman Brown and The ministers Black confuse are apparently milder, but not subtler.People may regard Goodman Brown as a recluse and a snob and Minister Hooper as someone mourning over his or different peoples sins. Hawthorne explores closing off in both stories, highlighting the possible self-destruction that may final result from intensely reclusive lives. though the stories may vary and the level of mental disorder may differ, both Poe and Hawthorne present people with emotions that are overly sensitive and with mental faculties that are more(prenominal) distraught than most. Poe is hypnotized by madness. His stories are sometimes even narrated by persons whose mental and emotional facilities are questionable.This results to a more interesting reading of each of the stories. The reader is left to wonder if he or she is able to carry the accurate account of the story or a deranged version of it. In The Fall of the House of Usher the narrator observes what goes on in his host, Rodericks house. He rejects evidence of the supernaturalHe is predispose to regard Roderick as mad and therefore to reject any explanation Roderick suggests (Bailey 446). The narrator of the story depends on the accounts of his host, Roderick but he does not trust his friends sanity.This creates a tension that is experienced by both the narrator and the reader this tension is the uncertainty of what is unfolding because it is finished the guidance of such an treacherous source like an apparently mad Roderick. Montresor of The Cask of Amontillado may not have the gaunt and ingrown look of Roderick Usher but what he has done to his enemy, Fortunato, is exceedingly cruel. The deed may have seemed perfectly planned and efficient but someone who can avenge an insult received by maul must be somehow unhinged.The criminals mind is exaggerated as i s evident in his narration THE thousand injuries of Fortunato I had borne as I best could, but when he ventured upon insult I vowed revenge (Poe, The Cask of Amontillado). My heart grew sick it was the dampness of the catacombs that make it so. I hastened to make an end of my labour. I forced the last stone into its position I plastered it up. Against the new masonry I re-erected the old parapet of bones. For the half of a century no mortal has disturbed them. In pace requiescat. (Poe, The Cask of Amontillado)Though Montresor displays some strong emotion over what he has done to Fortunato, he continues with the crime methodically. Moreover, this contradiction, along with uttering live in Peace to his victim seems to suggest that Montresor is indeed insane. In the both short stories, Poe illustrates insanity that has been passed through generations and then insanity that has been triggered simply by an insult. Nathaniel Hawthorne shows some concern about the fate of souls in his t wo stories The Ministers Black Veil and Young Goodman Brown.While Poe illustrates madness that has resulted from being either inherently insane or predisposed to mental illness, Hawthorne explores zealous religiosity that can result to madness. Minister Hoopers strong sense of religiousness has driven him to an extreme means of discerning the pious from the hypocrite. why do you tremble at me alone? Tremble also at each other birth men avoided me, and women shown no pity, and children screamed and fled, only for my black veil? (Hawthorne, The Ministers Black Veil) The man has decided to put a black veil on his face.Not even his fiancee has been able to persuade him to take onward the veil which in turn has given him a continuously mourning persona. Though he is mentally capable to continue his duties as minister, he does them with a somber aura which the veil produces for him. The insistence on constantly wearing the black veil displays obsessive behavior related to his faith d espite the particular that he has not actually stated what his in truth reason for wearing the veil is. In Young Goodman Brown, Hawthorne again tackles the effects of the perception of sin. Here, the main character is oppressed by what he thinks is the real knowledge of other peoples sins.What he is not aware of is that the Devil, which he has consorted with in the woods, has made him believe that every single person in his community is involved in atrocious deeds. elders of the church building have whispered wanton words to the young maids of their households how many a woman, eager for widows weeds, has given her maintain a drink at bedtime and let him sleep his last sleep in her bosom how whiskerless youths have made haste to inherit their fathers wealth and how fair damsels have dug little grave in the garden, and bidden me, the sole guest to an infants funeral (Hawthorne).Having believed the Devils lies, Goodman Brown is continually suspicious of his neighbors intentions. He even believes their good deeds to be merely pretentious displays of piety. Because of this behavior, Goodman Brown isolates himself from the rest of the community and dies a nongregarious death. Hawthorne explores the themes of isolation and zealous religiousness in his two short stories, expressing the dangers of the two themes. Both Poe and Hawthorne have in effect expressed the psychological terrain that their main characters are in.Through using a narrator that is either the character with the questionable mental state or one that distrusts that character, the stories become more mysterious and subject to several(prenominal) interpretation while the intensity of emotions coming from the main characters are able to shine through. The two authors explore mental instability in different forms Poes stories are about inherent, maybe even transmitted tendencies to lose ones mind while Hawthornes two tales are about isolation that has resulted from obsessive spirituality.

Ancient Greeks Essay Example for Free

Ancient Hellenics canvassGreek ages were a very unforgiving phantasmal era. Athens was the capital of Greece. Ancient Greeks interpreted the record book and other religious teachings very literally. top executives and their followers believed they were obligated to impersonate the gods. Greek airfield lasted a scam time. The changes resulting from the Greek era be infinite. In 1677, Jean Racine, created Phedre. The film was a violent tragedy. The main characters were Phedre, married woman of the King Theseus, King of Athens Hippolytes Son of the king Aricia Princess Hippolytus falls in love with. Theseus killed Aricias six bothers.The simulated military operation contains violence, anger, deceitfulness. The rulers were certain this were the proper way to adore and obey the Gods. Wars were frequent and whenever superstarness occurred all the serfs controlled by the topical anaesthetic lords were forced to take part (Yudkin, P 64). Not everything ab stunned this era w as negative. Ancient Greece history lasted oneness one C. The entire country did non exceed 150, 000 people (Cohen, arena Sixth Edition P. 59). Genius inventions and developments were invented. Theatre drew crowds. Sometimes, the audience stood up in the pit to watch the performances. They had no technology or metre devices.Pyramids were built. Epidaurus theatres were built. Seats were hundred of feet up. There were no microphones or audio devices. The actors were at the bottom of the stages. The actors were heard by everyone. Working conditions improved. Education, although not available to everyone, started to become more widespread. Jean Racines, Phedra The overall content of the play Phedre, was tragedy, remainder and violence. Death was anticipated, not feared. The recognition of life were expected to evolve after death. Everything honour Gods. Their death honored the Gods. The characters in Phedra, saw their death as a celebration.Phedra speaks of seeing her daughter fo r the last time. What Still are you in love with death? Shall I neer see you, reconciled to life, Forego those condemnable acts of despair? Death is part of their life. Then Phaedra responds Would I were seated in the forests sub When may I follow with delighted eye, Thro glorious dust flying in full career, A Chariot. (Racine, Phedra) Phedra could not wait for her final hour. Life expectancies were short. Forty years old were the life expectancy. It was also an honor to the Gods to kill anyone who disgraced their kingdom.All good they did was honored years after they died. Likewise, all disgrace associated with the res publica were recognized after death. Panope informs Phedra of her husbands death. Fain would I hide from you tidings so sad, and tis my duty, Madam to reveal them. The had of death has seized your peerless husband, And you are the last to hear of this disaster. The queen, deceived by a narcissistic trust in Heavn, begs safe return for Theseeus, while Hipplytus his son Learns of his death from vessels that now in port. Phaedra responds Ye Gods (Racine, Phedra) thraldom was common.Most people were serfs and spent their lives in miserable conditions (Yudkin, P 64). Slavery was not glorified. Death was. Enone is convince Phedra to live. If she lives her son becomes a king. If she dies, he becomes a slave. Madam, Theseus is no more, you must supply his place. He leaves a son, A slave if you should die, but if you live, a king. Phedra replies, To your consent, Yes, I will live, if life can be restored, if my affection for a son has powr to rouse my sinking heart at such a mordacious hour. (Racine, Phedra) Since the king has died, the son becomes the next king.Phedra agreed to live longer. The plays in the Greek era speak as though death is a choice. Every aspect of life was influenced by religion. Music and singing had one purpose. The purpose was to worship the gods. Composers wrote songs with religious meanings and teachings. The Greek s music in theatres began with chanting in church. The chanting by theatre actors was recited the exact same as it was in church. Monks stayed in a chapel for days on terminate chanting in musical accordance. Monks chanting was described as several people may be singing one line in unison, but there is no accompaniment and no harmony (Yudkin P 65).Songs or what was considered songs, were created from prayers. Because Christianity was the dominate religion as well as the principle unifying vaunt of much of Europe, most of the surviving music from the medieval period was for use in Christian religious services (Yudkin, P 62-69). As with music, dance had religious meanings. Liturgical dancers in white robes performed in churches and for religious ceremonies. Dancing worshiped the gods, send messages to the gods, and got attention from the gods. Dances interpret bible stories. Sometimes, stories are clearer by acting out the interpretations. teen children and older grandparents atten tion span last longer with music and movements. Dance in the atomic number 74 took a separate course from the east in its development. Records of dance during the dark ages are few, although folk bound and ritual celebrations almost certainly continued (Cohen, Dance Workshop P. 16-23). Belly dancing progressed. In the Greek era, belly dancing were taught to Middle Eastern women to prepare them for child birth. Midwives borned the babies. They had no fancy hospitals, no medication, or injections to ease the task of childbirth.Belly dancing through a womans pregnancy make childbirth much easier. Ballet played an important in religious settings. It was popularized during the conversion/William Shakespeare era. In the seventeenth century, men had to prove they were proficient at ballet before they could hold any positions relevant to legislation. King Louis XIV was a professional dancer. The steps as we know ballet evolved out of the 17th century (Ellison, P 9-11). Ballets were perfo rmed for church services, just as liturgical dances were. Athens, or Greece, is famous for training and turning out superior Olympic athletes.A child started training for the Olympics at a very young age. deal in the Greek era were Genius that surpasses advanced technology of today. Athens refused to admit defeat. Defeat was not defined as winning or losing one game. Athens may have lost one game. For them the war was not over if they lost. Athens did not allow disabled people into their country. If kings or soldiers were cause to be perceived in war, they were not allowed to return to Athens. Grandparents were responsible for putting deformed newborns to death. A disabled newborn was considered a disgrace to the kingdom.Greeks believed they would be punished by the gods if they allowed a deformed newborn to live. Everyone had physical task to do. Women and children had physically active lifestyles. Renaissance era was the beginning of development in all areas. Renaissance theatre cogitate on humans, not groups. Renaissance was not atheist era. Shakespeare changed what was believed to be religious. In the Greek era, it was anti-Christian to educate a woman. Anyone who educated a woman was killed. Their death was considered a disgrace. The educated woman was killed.Shakespeare introduced the idea of allowing women to perform in theatre. At the time, young boys played all female parts. Phedra was written during the Renaissance or Shakespeare ages. The setting of the play, except were in the Greek ages. Greek theatre established religious beliefs. Renassiance era challenged those beliefs. Greeks were firmly convinced they could not go wrong if honoring the gods. The behavior or actions were not considered. Jean Racines wrote Phedre, in the Renaissance era to show how much the beliefs and cultures have progresses since the Greek ages.

Ethical Issues in Testing and Assessment Essay Example for Free

Ethical Issues in Testing and estimate EssayCounselling psychology plays an essential role in the life of most individuals nowadays. Even dissimilar institutions like schools and corporations also implementd this field of psychology especially in dealing with their students and employees. Counselling psychology is responsible for reading various tests and perspicacitys in order to measure the intelligence, personality and other related factors look uping the behaviour of an individual. Nevertheless, good issues are often associated with these tests and assessments due to the sensitive cases that are involve in it. A good warning is the MMPI that is a kind of personality test. MMPI is a test that is designed to measure the pathological personality traits of an individual. It has been astray recognized and used as a personality assessment technique. The administration of this assessment takes about an hour and a half wherein the individual who would receive this test have to answer a large soma of items that would reveal their personality (Butcher Hostetler, 1990). The validity and reliability of the MMPI has been debated.This is due to the fact that some argues that personality is very rough to measure especially since it often deals with psychological construct. Moreover, ethical issues also become observable when this MMPI is non use for its intended purpose. The main objective of the MMPI is to give substantial result about the personality of an individual only when some use it in terms of employment. The result of the MMPI becomes a basis for certain institutions or companies to split individuals from a certain position (A Guide to Psychology and its Practice, n.d. ).This becomes unethical since the MMPI is not similar to employment tests and thus, it does not give current results on whether a person should be hired or not for a particular occupation. Furthermore, personality test like the MMPI often fails to recognize that the personali ty of an individual has a component part to do with its cultural background. The MMPI should not be implemented universally since there should be discretion in using it depending on the type of culture that an individual has.This is essential in order to get reliable results from this personality test. Lastly, ethical issues also exist in the administration and examination of the MMPI. This is due to the fact that psychologists who conduct these tests should not be subjective in interpreting its results. They should also observed confidentiality with regards to the result of such assessment as well as the necessary precaution in taking care of the important documents that concern the individuals whom they administered these tests.ReferencesA Guide to Psychology and its Practice. (n. d. ). Psychological Testing. Retrieved August 11, 2008, from http//www. guidetopsychology. com/testing. htm. Butcher, J. N. Hostetler, K. (1990). Abbreviating MMPI Item Administration What Can Be know ledgeable From the MMPI for the MMPI 2? Psychological Assessment A Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. Retrieved August 11, 2008, from http//www1. umn. edu/mmpi/Reprints/Abbreviating%20MMPI%20item%20administration. html.

The Handmaids tale Essay Example for Free

The Handmaids tale EssayMoreover, Offred is constantly looking for a steering out, as she is intrustful that there is a foeman fighting back. She refers to this in one of her many daydreams, where she hopes for her husband, who disappe ard during the reach He made contact with the others there must be a resistance, a government in exile. Someone must be out there, taking c be of things. I believe in the resistance, I believe there can be no light without shadow or rather no shadow unless there is also light. (Atwood 130) Though she does non k today anything for certain, the thought of him, her husband, fighting back and the hope that she may one day join him and the others combined with her rebellious actions gives Offred strength to move forward with her life. very much also a non- conformist is Offreds long lost friend Moira. Moira was also coerce into the role of a Handmaid though, after a short period of time she became lethargic and, through and through a faking an illness, snuck out of the household that she had been staying at and found herself at Jezebels (an illegal strip club).Moira found her devolve on in becoming her experience person, very unique from the conformed people, especially women that the government created. She was a powerful womanly character who stood up for herself and did what she had to, to get her way Moira had power now, shed been set loose, shed set herself loose. She was now a loose woman. (Atwood 167) Moira goes against all norms, breaks free from the conformity and overall, participates in illegal activity all in order to look for resistance and show that she is not owned by anyone, officially, or not.These two women, Offred and Moira, do not follow the conformity placed upon them instead, they fight back, and from there gain willpower to stay cheerful and to push forward into situations that have the potential to suffice a difference in society, not lonesome(prenominal) for themselves but also for the p eople around them. Atwoods portrayal of both conformists and non-conformists serves as a input of womens role in society. By contrasting the two types of characters, Atwood demonstrates the differences women are able to make in society if they oppose the conformist pressures of the male dominated world.In the novel, as discussed earlier, both the aunts and the wives are conformists Atwood does not even give them personal names they are usually referred to as a whole, with no typical characteristics. These women are dismissed as little more than bystanders, as they do not make their own decisions or stand up for their beliefs instead, they merely go along with what others tell them. Contrary to these women are Offred and Moira, the non-conformist characters. These women are not afraid to take charge and fight against what is being forced upon them as right. In their roles, Offred and Moira are making, or attempting to make, a difference in their society by standing up for their mo rals and opinions. This indeed makes them strong female characters. Ultimately, it is not clear whether or not Offred is successful in finding the resistance but, unlike the women who conformed, Offred at least attempted to make changes in her life so that she could be happy. Atwood thus uses the contrast between the conformist and non-conformist characters to demonstrate the effects of following the rules and the effects of going against them.The Handmaids Tale serves as a commentary about the role of women in society and the chances that they have to make a difference. Atwoods overall theme is that women need to stand up for themselves in order to be happy and be in control of their lives.Works Consulted Atwood, Margaret. The Handmaids Tale. Boston Houghton Mifflin, 1986. Print. Show preview only The to a higher place preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Margaret Atwood section.

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liberty of spoken spoken language EssayThe phrase freedom of spoken communication refers to an undivideds even up to come up to freely, or to carry integrityself without suppression from the others. In addition, the freedom of actors line whitethorn refer to a persons ability to seek, impart, or receive education without influences that may ricochet the freedom. People can express their opinion or views through with(predicate) the right of freedom to name and address. This right is recognized by umpteen nations governments, as well as both international and regional tender-hearted rights organizations. For instance, the join States government protects the masss right of freedom to speech through the First Amendment, which is found in the constitution. The freedom of speech though a right has and can be maltreat if its not limited, and the need to impede the freedom of speech ab determination has made it necessary for governments to put into place some limita tions to this right. These limitations ar adoptive so that cases of handle through speech such as obscenity and use of insults are curbed. in all over the world, the abuse of the freedom of speech has become a common phenomenon.The right to freedom of speech can be dangerous when abused (Andrew, 2005, p. 65). Discussion The freedom of speech can become abused when its used to create conflicts, disagreements, and in some cases war. Speech involves the use of words and phrases to express ones opinion about an issue. These phrases or words can be used to express feelings of hatred, dislike, and dissatisfaction. As human beings, it is very(prenominal) natural for us to go through tragic and painful experiences . These experiences may actuate feelings of hatred and dislike towards those we may perceive as having contributed to our misfortunes.For example, unfair treatment of a person by the others may create negative feelings towards the others. These feelings can be expressed by ou r actions, deeds, or speech. When negative feelings are expressed through speech, they may lead to the abuse of the freedom . A good example is the use of insults or inappropriate language towards other battalion. The words that may be used in speech can be insensitive and are most likely to violate the rights of the other concourse. This no enquiry proves that freedom of speech can be used to abuse freedom.It is every persons right to be respected, and the use of abusive language against a person should not be tolerated. However, many individuals and human rights activists advocate for freedom of speech without any limitations. It is a fact that the use of speech is one of the surpass ways through which people can express how they feel, as well as their views about contrary issues (Lee, 1988, p. 24). But the question that we need to ask ourselves is, to what extent should the freedom of speech be allowed?The human temper triggers people to exploit opportunities for their own benefits, which instal them abuse the right to speech for their selfish needs. So many conflicts, disagreements, and wars emanate from the abuse of the freedom of speech. The use of feelings and emotions that press hatred triggers conflicts, which have resulted to loss of human flavor or injuries. The individuals or a group of people that is insulted tends to retaliate the attacks . It is no wonder consequently that a single instance of abuse leads to many more successive cases of abuse.Another way through which the freedom of speech can be abused is by suppressing the freedom to speak in other people so that they do not express themselves as they would desire. This occurs when speech is used to manipulate people, or to make them submit to the selfish desires of one person. Such cases of abuse are often experienced in the political world. Individuals or groups may use speech to manipulate and threaten people, so that they do not put in with their political interests. The peopl e are prevented from making independent decisions through threatening statements.Since we all belong to a certain political system in our respective nations, we are likely to experience political influences. republic has nowadays become a common feature in the political systems. This has given the citizens the right to speak freely about the political evils and illegal actions that may exist in the society (Sunstein, 1995, p 63). This is a positive way of using the freedom of speech. However, it becomes tragic when the same right is used to suppress the rights of the others. The people are coerced not to use their freedom to speech, since its considered to threaten some selfish needs.The freedom of speech is also abused when people speak to defy the social morals and ethics. For instance, the use of obscene language goes against many societies ethics and morals. The modern technology through the Internet is one of the communication channels that people use to exploit the freedom of speech for the wrong reasons. The Internet is currently causing devastating make on the morals and ethics of the societies. Through this form of communication, the right to speak is being abused through inappropriate use of language, with the websites giving the people an opportunity to exploit the freedom of speech for the wrong reasons. in that respect is no argument that the internet is of great benefits to the people. However, it is being used by the people to offend and to promote hatred against the others. The freedom to speak freely has its merits and demerits. This right to speech is abused through dishonesty. For many of us, we cannot await the number of times that we have used this right to give misleading or untrue information as a way of protecting our selfish interests. When this information is received by the others, it creates room for more abuse.Any action or deed that goes against the virtues and the ethics of the society can be termed as abuse of the human righ ts, freedom of speech included. The present day art world is very competitive, and all business enterprises are now capitalizing on marketing their products for maximum returns. Through advertising, many corporate bodies use false information to woo consumers, a situation that represents the abuse of freedom of speech . The freedom of speech then becomes dangerous when its abused. Conclusion The freedom of speech is a human right which allows us to express our feelings and opinion.When properly used, it is of great importance. On the other hand, this right can be abused for various reasons. This becomes very dangerous, a situation that brings out the negative side of free speech in people. In site to prevent this, limitations need to be adopted so that this right is used for the good of the people.Works CitedAndrew, Puddephatt. Freedom of Expression The essentials of Human Rights, Hodder Arnold, pg. 127, 2005 Lee, Bollinger. The Tolerant Society. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1 988 Sunstein, Cass. Democracy and the Problem of Free Speech. Publishing Research Quarterly 11 (4) 5872, 1995

Innovation and creativity evaluation of Apple Corporation Essay Example for Free

Innovation and creativity evaluation of Apple Corporation showEconomic return and tuition of any country depends upon a well-knit monetary constitution. pecuniary system comprises, a influence of sub-systems of monetary institutions monetary markets, financial instruments and function which help in the formation of capital. therefore a financial system provides a mechanism by which nest egg ar transformed into investments and it merchantman be said that financial system play an significant role in economic growth of the country by mobilizing surplus funds and utilizing them effectively for productive purpose.The financial system is characterized by the front of integrated, organized and regulated financial markets, and institutions that meet the short term and big term financial inescapably of both the household and corporate sector. Both financial markets and financial institutions play an important role in the financial system by rendering various financial services to the community. They operate in faithful combination with all(prenominal) other. financial ashesThe word system, in the term financial system, implies a set of complex and closely connected or interlined institutions, agents, practices, markets, transactions, claims, and liabilities in the economy. The financial system is concerned about money, assign and finance-the three terms are intimately related yet are somewhat different from each other. Indian financial system consists of financial market, financial instruments and financial intermediation Role/ Functions of Financial System A financial system performs the following functions* It performs as a link surrounded by savers and investors. It helps in utilizing the mobilized savings of scattered savers in more efficient and effective manner. It channelises flow of saving into productive investment. * It assists in the choice of the projects to be financed and all overly re intellections the work of such proje cts boundically. * It provides payment mechanism for exchange of goods and services. * It provides a mechanism for the reposition of resources across geographic boundaries.It provides a mechanism for managing and controlling the fortune involved in mobilizing savings and allocating credit. * It promotes the subprogram of capital formation by bringing together the supply of saving and the demand for investible funds. * It helps in heavy(a) the cost of transaction and increase returns. Reduce cost motives people to save more. * It provides you detailed information to the operators/ players in the market such as individuals, work houses, governances etc. Components/ Constituents of Indian Financial system The following are the four main components of Indian Financial system 1.Financial institutions 2. Financial Markets 3. Financial Instruments/Assets/Securities 4. Financial Services. Financial institutions Financial institutions are the intermediaries who facilitates smooth func tioning of the financial system by making investors and borrowers meet. They mobilize savings of the surplus units and allocate them in productive activities promising a better rate of return. Financial institutions also provide services to entities seeking advises on various issues ranging from restructuring to diversification plans.They provide whole range of services to the entities who want to raise funds from the markets elsewhere. Financial institutions act as financial intermediaries because they act as middlemen between savers and borrowers. Were these financial institutions may be of sticking or Non-Banking institutions. Financial Markets Finance is a prerequisite for modern business and financial institutions play a vital role in economic system. Its through financial markets the financial system of an economy works. The main functions of financial markets are.To facilitate creation and allocation of credit and liquidity 2. to serve as intermediaries for mobilization of s avings 3. to assist process of balanced economic growth 4. to provide financial convenience Financial Instruments Another important constituent of financial system is financial instruments. They represent a claim against the future income and wealth of others. It will be a claim against a person or an institutions, for the payment of the some of the money at a specified future date. Financial Services faculty of emerging financial system largely depends upon the quality and variety of financial services provided by financial intermediaries. The term financial services can be defined as activites, benefits and satisfaction connected with trade of money, that offers to users and customers, financial related value. Pre-reforms Phase Until the early 1990s, the role of the financial system in India was primarily cut back to the function of channeling resources from the surplus to deficit sectors.Whereas the financial system performed this role reasonably well, its operations came to be pronounced by some serious deficiencies over the years. The banking sector suffered from lack of challenger, low capital base, low productiveness and last intermediation cost. After the nationalization of large banks in 1969 and 1980, the Government-owned banks dominated the banking sector. The role of technology was minimal and the quality of service was not given adequate importance. Banks also did not follow proper risk management systems and the prudential standards were weak.All these resulted in poor asset quality and low profitability. Among non-banking financial intermediaries, development finance institutions (DFIs) operated in an over-protected environment with most of the funding approach shot from assured sources at concessional terms. In the indemnity sector, there was little competition. The mutual fund industry also suffered from lack of competition and was dominated for long by one institution, viz. , the Unit Trust of India. Non-banking financial companies (NBF Cs) grew rapidly, but there was no standard of their asset side.Financial markets were characterized by control over pricing of financial assets, barriers to entry, high transaction be and restrictions on movement of funds/participants between the market segments. This apart from inhibiting the development of the markets also affected their efficiency. Financial Sector Reforms in India It was in this backdrop that wide-ranging financial sector reforms in India were introduced as an intrinsical part of the economic reforms initiated in the early 1990s with a view to improving the macroeconomic performance of the economy.The reforms in the financial sector focused on creating efficient and stable financial institutions and markets. The approach to financial sector reforms in India was one of gradual and non-disruptive progress through a advisory process. The hold up Bank has been consistently working towards setting an enabling regulatory framework with prompt and effective super vision, development of technical and institutional infrastructure, as well as changing the interface with the market participants through a consultative process.Persistent efforts have been made towards adoption of international benchmarks as appropriate to Indian conditions. While true changes in the legal infrastructure are yet to be effected, the developments so far have brought the Indian financial system closer to global standards. The reform of the interest regime constitutes an integral part of the financial sector reform. With the onset of financial sector reforms, the interest rate regime has been largely deregulated with a view towards better price discovery and efficient resource allocation.Initially, steps were taken to develop the domestic money market and freeing of the money market evaluate. The interest rates offered on Government securities were progressively raised(a) so that the Government borrowing could be carried out at market-related rates. In respect of ba nks, a major effort was undertaken to simplify the administered structure of interest rates. Banks now have sufficient flexibility to decide their unsex and lending rate structures and manage their assets and liabilities accordingly.At present, apart from savings account and NRE gravel on the deposit side and export credit and small loans on the lending side, all other interest rates are deregulated. Indian banking system operated for a long time with high reserve requirements both in the form of Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) and Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR). This was a consequence of the high fiscal deficit and a high degree of monetisation of fiscal deficit. The efforts in the recent period have been to lower both the CRR and SLR.The statutory minimum of 25 per cent for SLR has already been reached, and while the Reserve Bank continues to pursue its medium-term objective of reducing the CRR to the statutory minimum level of 3. 0 per cent, the CRR of SCBs is currently lay at 5. 0 per cent of NDTL. As part of the reforms programme, due attention has been given to diversification of will power leading to greater market accountability and improved efficiency. Initially, there was infusion of capital by the Government in public sector banks, which was followed by expanding the capital base with equity participation by the one-on-one investors.This was followed by a reduction in the Government donationholding in public sector banks to 51 per cent. Consequently, the share of the public sector banks in the aggregate assets of the banking sector has come refine from 90 per cent in 1991 to around 75 per cent in2004. With a view to enhancing efficiency and productivity through competition, guidelines were laid down for establishment of new banks in the private sector and the foreign banks have been allowed more liberal entry. Since 1993, 12 new private sector banks have been set up.As a major step towards enhancing competition in the banking sector, foreign dire ct investment in the private sector banks is now allowed up to 74 per cent, subject to conformity with the guidelines issued from time to time. Conclusion The Indian financial system has undergone structural transformation over the past decade. The financial sector has acquired strength, efficiency and stability by the combined effect of competition, regulatory measures, and policy environment. While competition, consolidation and convergence have been recognized as the key drivers of the banking sector in the coming years

One work three ways Essay Example for Free

One prune three ways EssayAn art is a product of human creativity. It is an orderly behavior of an artist and has connected concepts. An artist consciously embeds clarity, harmony and balance to the creation. Immediately, after an event, exhibition, movie or play, one merchant ship read a detailed description of the same of how good or bad was the event, or the merits and demerits of the exhibition, how emotional or neutral was the role of the actor or actress.Critics analyze these things with great profundity. Any art which proves to be evergreen is associated with the core and in-depth feelings of human behavior. There are certain feelings and emotions such as love, hatred, fear, hunger, pain, acceptance, disgust, sadness, joy which reverberate the integral part of every human being. The artistic creations touching the sensitive aspects of the human behavior break an everlasting impact on the minds of the people.The past analysis to the history of greatest hits in any ro w of art shows that such hits were closely associated to the very intense feelings. The people in general recuperate the connectivity of the events associated with their lives and therefore readily show like or dislike for a particular artistic creation. Take an showcase of a legendary song or painting which depicts or reflects deception. One can hardly find a person who has never been deceived. Now, because such deep feelings are immortal so become the movie of such feelings.

The Leadership Processes Of Daimler Chrysler

The Leadership Processes Of Daimler ChryslerSince its establishment in 1924, Chrysler has been the leading automobile comp each manufacturing heterogeneous aim vehicles such as the Chrysler Six which was the one of the outgrowth modern cars to be built. Chrysler Six was claimed to be the first car scoring several firsts, for instance, cover filter, air cleaner, mettlesome compression engine, four wheeled hydraulic brakes and other(a) such tech parts.Chrysler took oer its competitor, Ameri stooge Motors Corporations in 1987. This was one of its initial mergers and acquisitions that position Chrysler on the third position of United States auto manufacturers.On the 12th of January 1998, Chrysler Corporation merged with the German go with, Daimler. In the period leading up to the merger, both(prenominal) companies were experiencing naughty profit growths. Daimler admired Chryslers entrepreneurial facial expression and innovative thinking while Chrysler respected the methodol ogical engineering and technical capabilities of Daimler. The two companies were interested in a merger as it would complement their capabilities and resources which would produce greater profits. The merger was touted as a merged merger of equals and held high expectations among each(prenominal) stakeholders of the organizations (Darling, Seristo, Gabrielsson, 2005). before long after the merger, both subgroups experienced various conflicts im contriveable to unlike case and corporate gardenings, line practices, trouble and leadinghip appearances and inefficient communicating entanglements. Negotiations surrounded by senior leaders frizzled and led to the lay-off of therefore Chryslers CEO, Robert Eaton. Due to the lack of heed defy, discourse and the eventual mastery of Daimlers finis over Chryslers, key executives who had been credited with Chryslers success in the 1990s left the organization. This resulted in a management encephalon drain which evolved into a c risis situation for DaimlerChrysler. Subsequently, an organizational restructuring, production cutbacks and cost cutting measures were announced. However, it was unable to resolve the crisis and gum olibanum face up huge losses which at last resulted in a merger failure.Chrysler dropped from its third position in the United States automobiles chart when it went through a merger with Daimler-Benz. Although it was a merger of equals, it was soon overridden by Daimler-Benz due to Globalization, Classical Approaches, Systems Approaches, Management Styles, Leadership Processes as well as Culture.Soon it was realised that Daimler and Chrysler could non crop happyly, and in that respectfrom in 2009 DaimlerChrysler filed for bankruptcy which left a mark on the history of United States automobiles.The principal(prenominal) direction of our report will centre on Chrysler, throughout the period before and during its merger with Daimler, and how interior(a) and external factors affe cted its operations.GLOBALIZATIONWhen Chrysler first started out, it s center of attentiond several firsts in the industry such as an oil filter, air cleaner, high compression engine, four-wheel hydraulic brakes, and other advanced Chrysler parts. As the company progressed on, it went through several disturbances in its environment continuing into its merger with Daimler. Globalization started taking its toll on Chrysler.Globalization, accord to Miller, K. (2009), is the rise of transportation and telecommunications system making our world, both on a personal and organizational aim ever much connected, efficient and interconnected towards a more global economy (p. 2).Chrysler embarked on its expedition of manufacturing efficient automobiles through various improvements such as significantly expanding the electronics and computer content on vehicles, with applications ranging from index number train controls for improved fuel economy and reduced emissions, to enhanced safety s ystems and chassis controls and to on- carte du jour communication systems. sorrowful on in the years, Chrysler developed vehicles using outdated and expensive structures even as its sales and resources shrinked. Since Chryslers employment was heavily weighted to North America, this do the organisation more vulnerable to local economic fluctuations and slight able to take advantage of developing markets, as stated by the New York Times.Climate swap too made an impact on Chrysler. As Stephen J. G. said,The decision to drive cars long distances to work was reciprocal among tribe in North America and Europe in the past 60 years. Cities grew larger. The development of suburbs a lot placed homes removed from work places massive road construction back up extravagant car intentDriving a car is the most air polluting act an average citizen commits.Chrysler produced auto vehicles that were manufactured without any consideration to its environment. Stephen J. G. (2008), said that Chrysler faced criticisms for their larger vehicles as they were exploiting the innate human tendency to seek domination over othersBigger is better.However, in 2009, due to climate change, Chrysler changed their tactics, targeting buyers with their higher fuel susceptibility and smaller automobiles. Soon after, Chrysler came up with a Hybrid car which boasted fuel efficiency. Chrysler is get ahead expanding on this idea by chase it through till 2011 by making sunrise(prenominal) models of the car but using the same technology, for instance, the galvanizing vehicle Dodge Ev.We can absorb Chrysler in two different views, namely the Utopian view and the Dystopian view. For the Utopian view, we k straight off that Chrysler will continue to change on with globalization and expand its horizons further than North America. It can also adapt with other cultures and societies by learning from its past and bringing it off to do it in its future. Despite several downfalls, Chrysler al ways manages to pick itself up and survive through mergers, with Daimler in 1998 and fiat in 2009.In terms of the dystopian view, cl proto(prenominal), due to its several changes, Chrysler is losing its original organizational structure. Chrysler is of importtaining its send off by retaining the Chrysler logo for its automobiles despite merging with various other organizations. Nevertheless, even though Chrysler has worked hard to exert its external image, it has undeniably garbled its charm to potential buyers and its customer base.SYSTEMS APPROACHESDuring the period of heathen change in the 1990s, Chrysler made some improvements to its organizational system. It increased the involvement of people in its operations which improved the permeableness of its operations with its suppliers and customers.Before the merger with Daimler, Chryslers management had allowed permeability in its operations in which in that respect was a two way communication amidst Chrysler and its custo mers through feedback and cultivation flows. Recognizing the importance of receiving information from customers for improving their focus on development, Chryslers system processes utilized positive, growth and deviation amplifying feedback. In which, customers were requested to provide feedback to the highest degree their products. finished processing these inputs from customers and workers, Chrysler modified its products to achieve higher profits (Zatz, 1994).In addition, Chrysler improved its system properties namely, holistic theory and shun entropy. The CEO, designers and assembly line workers held meetings together to give and gather information and ideas. This resulted in the creation of successful products by the company (Zatz, 1994). This shows the property of holism where the end product achieved was greater in value than what the employees could pick out bring ond individually. Chrysler also just negative entropy as it valued customers feedback and provided inform ation of its operations to the public.However, after the merger with Daimler, Chryslers brisk organizational system processes and properties were replaced by the dominant Daimlers system. This resulted in organizational restructuring, production cutbacks, cost cutting measures and numerous worker layoffs. The loss of Chryslers successful system resulted in high losses for DaimlerChrysler (Darling et al, 2005).The merger also brought about a high level of uncertainty among employees of Chrysler. fit to Cervone, T (2009), communication was an atomic number 18a where DaimlerChrysler fell apart, because in that respect were differences about what needed to be communicated and how to communicate. Daimlers style of communication was solely top-down management communication. However, Chrysler used a more in-depth and extensive communication network with its employees. Therefore as employees were unable to receive important information after the merger, equivocality was high among emplo yees of Chrysler. This was due to the different enactments by employees which created multiple informational environments due to the limited information acquire in the communication networks.Karl Weicks Theory of Organizing states that reducing equivocality is central to the process of organizing in an organization. It also states that through the use of assembly rules and communication cycles, equivocality should be resolved. In the case of DaimlerChrysler, no exploit was made to reduce equivocality and this ultimately resulted in the departure of key executives of the organization, creating huge losses for the merger (Darling et al, 2005).The period of merger was a meter of uncertainty, dis gear up and unremitting conflicts among employees of Daimler and Chrysler. There were various conflicts that stemmed from a vast difference in national and corporate cultures, conflicts on compensation as well as travel expenses. Failure to integrate or drink the organizational practices and cultures of both companies created disorder in the merger. Furthermore, the period after Chryslers CEO was fired by Daimler due to differences and the subsequent domination of Daimlers management, pulled Chryslers employees further into disorder (Darling et al, 2005).The New Science Systems Theory states that when systems ar at the edge of chaos, order can erupt from disorder. It emphasizes the importance of relationships and macrocosm open to information to create new and innovative organizational processes. The high level of disorder present in the merger could contribute been easily used by the management of DaimlerChrysler to create a sustainable and innovative new system. However, as there were problems in the management itself and a lack of information flow and dis consistency among employees in the organization, this opportunity was lost to DaimlerChrysler.CLASSICAL APPROACHESAs with most German companies, Daimler embodied the concept of absolute formality. There wa s a high accent placed on the respect that junior workers had to show those higher up in the hierarchy, and it was expect of workers to take extreme c atomic number 18 not to make mistakes when names and titles were byplayed. Chrysler, being an American company, was practically the eff opposite of this. There was rattling little emphasis placed on hierarchies within the company, and the management encouraged a very comfortable, relaxed atmosphere. Many a sentence, mid-level executives could make decisions without fear of negative repercussions from higher-ups. In fact, it was this spontaneity and risk-taking side that Chryslers success was partially attributed to. (Vance Paik, 2006.)Upon the merger of the two companies, the actions of Daimler-side co-chairman Schrempp made it clear that despite touting the merge as a marriage of equals, Daimler was still fighting to retain dominance in the newly merged DaimlerChrysler. The Chrysler executives were used to ensuring that their opinions were comprehend by the rest of the board, no matter what their level was in the corporate hierarchy. This style of communication was unheard of in German companies, and Schrempp felt so threatened by this openness that he removed them from the company to preserve his position and mightiness. (Badrtalei Bates, 2007.)Schrempp also axed some individuals from the post-merger management board, and a large majority of those fired hailed from the Chrysler division. Communications-wise, we can see that Daimler favored a top-down, formal style of communication within the company as seen from their nonindulgent hierarchy and style of decision-making. Chrysler, on the other hand, preferred to encourage an open floor of discussion, allowing as many an(prenominal) an(prenominal) employees as possible to participate and took their input into consideration. The main mistake committed by the DaimlerChryslers managerial board was that of being far too rigid when it came to the come on of communications within the company. (Vance Paik, 2006.)In Daimler-Benz, all decisions were made by a board of management executives in the main headquarters in Germany. Those in the degrade levels of management had no power in making decisions, as everything would first have to be put past those at the very top of the corporate hierarchy. This cost the company their stability in the time period immediately after the merger, where many problems had the tendency to occur.Despite Chryslers executives being those who were used to making decisions on their own, without having to go through higher levels of authority, they were unable to make any quick decisions which capacity have saved the company due to Daimlers insistence on forcing them to adopt German style of decision making, which was an arduous, intricate process, and thus took a very long time. Although Frederick Taylors theory of Scientific Management offers that there is only one crush way to accomplish any task, the case of DaimlerChryslers failed merger shows that this is not necessarily so there are situations which call for spontaneous, quick thinking as well. (Badrtalei Bates, 2007.)The reason for Chryslers apparent assimilation into Daimler, as opposed to there being a stabilized platform of equals between the two, was made clear by the remark passed by Schrempp in an interview conducted in October 2000. In it, it was insinuated that the German co-chairman had intended for it to be an acquisition of Chrysler instead of a merger of equals from the very beginning. This was ironically the exact same view that Chrysler chairman Robert Eaton had rejected so vehemently. It is then easy to see exactly why such a large majority of the Chrysler executives (about two thirds) had been each fired or left the company and replaced by managers from the Daimler corporate grid (Darling et al., 2005).DaimlerChryslers HierarchyMANAGEMENT fashionDespite many labelling the merger of DaimlerChrysler as the deal of the century (Keegan, 2005) where the merger of equals would bring out the lift out of both organisations, DaimlerChrysler went under major crisis after their merger. concord to Darling, Seristo and Gabrielsson (2005), crisis is defined to be situations that interrupt an organisations usual operation and process (pp. 346-347). Crisis occurred within the newly merged company due to a few reasons Firstly, the merger of Daimler and Chrysler resulted in irreconcilable differences in its managerial and leaderships styles. Managerial-leadership, or the lack of it, makes or breaks an organisation in times of crisis.According to Blake and Moutons Managerial Grid, Chryslers management belonged to the Country club style of management, where organisational leaders exhibited a high concern for its people as compared to the low concern for production. Chrysler, being an American bring company, had its managers concentrating efforts on the establishment of a sweet workplace with fri endly and comfortable human relations.On the other hand, Daimler exercised the authority compliance style of management. As quoted from Daimlers Chairman Dieter Zetsche, Daimler systematically train their employees so that every one of them clearly understands that compliance is not elective its an integral element of their corporate culture (2009), which is characterised as high concern for production and low concern for people. The organisations main objective would be to ensure that its managers focus on arrangements of components in the workplace to maximize efficiency and attain goals. Hence, unlike the American based Chrysler, German Daimler management had little concern for human ask.According to Darling et al. (2005),The DaimlerChrysler merger was not an ordinary merger. This merger had embedded within it the existence of two very strong yet different organizational cultures that were expected to become integrated to facilitate achievement of the goals and objectives of the merged cross-cultural global enterprise. Failure to successfully integrate the two cultures gave rise to a crisis that threatened the existence of DaimlerChrysler.As there was no clear attribute of a culture after the merger, employees from both companies encountered various intergroup conflicts. These conflicts escalated during the interactions of these now interdependent sub bodies of an organisation that lived in mistrust and continued to perceive opposition of goals, aims, and values, each perceiving the other party as potentially interfering with the realization of these goals. Both companies failed to drop their existing organizational culture and find a shared direction or vision.The merger was thus marked by of late distrust between the two subgroups, as could be seen from how Daimler and Chrysler both openly showed their conflict. They failed to reach a compromise, untold less a collaboration to solve the differences to resolve the conflict.Many later commented that the DaimlerChrysler merger was nothing more than an outright acquisition of Chrysler by the German automaker (Keegan, 2005). American President of Chrysler group Jim Holden, together with the management, was eventually replaced by Zetsche and the German management from Daimler, who tries to instil the German practice on the American organisation, hence cause the organisational culture of Chrysler to be dominated by the Daimler management.As the merged organisation fought to survive in the highly competitive manufacturing sector, they adopted the Likerts System I due to the Blake and Moutons Authority-Compliance leadership style, the exploitative authoritative organisation, which is characterised by motivating through downward communication, top-level decision making, the giving of orders, and top level control. Although the strict hierarchical regime might have worked with the German Daimler, it only served as a harsh culture shock to American based Chrysler. Chrysler and Daimler succeeded on their own because of their unique features. Merging without collaboration simply meant that their uniqueness had to be sacrificed, hence causing them to lose their edge in the market.LEADERSHIP PROCESSESAfter the merger of DaimlerChrysler both subgroups experienced a high level of change. Many problems surfaced during the organizational change process. Firstly there was a lack of management living by Daimler and Chryslers management. According to Darling et al. (2005), Chryslers CEO, Robert Eaton who was in charge of the integration of the two companies, lacked the leadership skills or governmental savvy needed to help the new entity develop a unique culture that represented the beat out of both worlds.Secondly there was inconsistent action on the part of the management on both sides. Daimler-Benz and Chrysler both had extremely different styles of management and corporate culture. As a result, both companies experienced clashes in operational practices during and a fter the merger, which quickly escalated in intensity and frequency to the point where the merged company found itself entering a state of crisis (Darling et al, 2005). The leaders of DaimlerChrysler were thus unable to form a clear management vision to be shared with others in the organization. Ownership tension, characterized in this case by these two issues, hampered the successful implementation change efforts and subsequently resulted in a failed merger.In addition, communication between the two subgroups was poor. Daimler practiced an autocratic top down communication style, while Chrysler used an in depth and extensive communication style (Cervone, 2010). As the cultures and communication networks of the two subgroups were not assimilated, there was no clear communication network to both subgroups. Also there were differences about what needed to be communicated. This resulted in uncertainty and anxiety among all organizational members.Despite the multitude of problems experi enced by DaimlerChrysler, during the change process, there was no clear effort by the leaders to successfully implement the change process by providing effective management support and reducing uncertainty for organizational members. These problems escalated and subsequently became one of the main factors that caused the merger failure.CULTUREIn the early 1990s, Chrysler experienced several problems that stemmed from a lack of a strong culture in the organization. Chrysler was historically known for its innovation but along the years, lost its core value by producing outdated products. Its relationships with its customers and various stakeholders deteriorated. These problems adversely affected the companys profits (Zatz, 1994).In order to boost its falling profits, Chrysler made efforts to create a strong organizational culture that increased individual and organizational performance to greater levels. Chrysler began by revamping its core assumption of innovation with a multitude of effective values. These values supported individual participation, growth and improvement in processes which resulted in an boilers suit increase in organizational performance. They are also described as themes for excellent cultures by Peter and Waterman.The values Chrysler incorporated are the involvement of people in which ideas were solicited from suppliers, customers wants and needs were collated via customer feedback, assembly line workers were included in the planning process and mechanics were consulted early in the process. The value of learning or the Hands-on, value driven theme in which members actively took part in the analysis of past mistakes and achievements in order to improve their overall processes was implemented. In addition the value of feeling was created. Chrysler had in place a product fiber improvement partnership program to improve tint by increasing teamwork. This is similar to the theme of Simultaneous loose-tight properties as employees exhibited a unity of purpose of achieving quality through diversity in the form of teamwork. The program was a success as it produced the 1966 Grand Cherokee and Chrysler PT cruiser which consistently appeared at the top of the quality charts (Zatz, 1994).These values were encouraged by top management and in time, supported by all employees. This form of synergy was represented in the organizations behaviours and artefacts. Chrysler adopted a participative decision making style, practised wide communication on all networks, implemented low power distance which resulted in a freewheeling open culture that was indifferent to positions or hierarchy.Chryslers Onion deterrent example in the 1990sIn 1998, Chrysler merged with Daimler. The merger was touted as the merger of equals. However, Daimler and Chrysler failed to consider the vast differences in their national cultures during merger negotiations. This led to conflicting corporate cultures, unresolved problems and ultimately a failed merger ( Darling et al, 2005).The German culture of Daimler-Benz was generally less individualistic then Americans. They were uncomfortable with anxiety and ambiguity, practised indirectness in communication and gave respect for title, age and background. While, Daimlers culture consisted of an autocratic leadership style, top- down management and limited involvement of employees. Daimler was characterized as being conservative, efficient and safe. This collided with Chryslers values and opposed its American values of a free-wheeling and open culture. They were characterized as being risk-taking and innovative. Therefore, misunderstandings soon occurred due to the differences in their communication styles, planning and decision-making processes and leadership styles (Darling et al, 2005).During the merger, there were long heated discussions between the CEOs of Daimler and Chrysler about the differences in their corporate cultures and behavioural traits. They recognized the differences but we re unsure of how to assimilate the cultures. Finally, they decided that if the differences were far apart, they would pick a spot in the middle and they would merge (Cervone, 2010). By doing so, the CEOs failed to recognize that organizational cultures are often ambiguous. There are potentially multiple manifestations to a corporate culture which are different and dynamic. Thus, picking a spot in the middle of two different cultures will not create an effective culture for DaimlerChrysler.Also, organizational cultures are not unitary. It is impossible to characterize an organization as having a single culture as there are multitudes of subcultures existing in conflict or harmony with one another. As such, the CEOs decision to pick a culture that is midway between their cultures will not result in success. This would fail to recognize the subcultures within the organization that largely impacts its behaviours and decisions.In addition, organizational cultures are complicated. Integr ating two independent companies with divergent cultures into one cohesive organization is a major toil (Zatz, 1994). Simply picking a culture will not create a sustainable culture for DaimlerChrysler. This objectifies culture by simplifying it and de-emphasizing the complex processes via which organizational culture is created and sustained. Culture is in actuality pervasive and it affects the everyday business of the firm (Weber, Camerer, 2003). Thus, more effort is needed to collaborate both cultures. The leaders should create joint canonic assumptions and related values for the organization. This would create a shared meaning among all employees and subcultures which would in turn create similar behavioural traits. This level of synergy in cultures will result in success for DaimlerChrysler.Furthermore, organizational cultures are emergent. It is a product of constant interrelationships between organizational members in different contexts and settings. After the merger, cultu ral workshops were put in place to integrate both subgroups of the company. These workshops were not supported by both members and thus failed. Subsequently, no other efforts were made by the management to integrate the members. As no clear distinction of a culture was made, Daimlers culture grew to be more dominant and oppressing to employees of Chrysler. Employees became increasingly dissatisfied and there were constant cultural collisions in the interrelationships between Daimler and Chryslers employees. This led to the departure of key Chrysler executives who had led the company to success in its domestic and international markets for creativity, efficiency and profitability. As a result, the companies faced huge losses (Zatz, 1994).This situation could have been avoided by integrating employees of both corporations. By creating opportunities for employees to interact in settings such as orientation of members to the newly merged company, company events, department dinners or jo int work teams, would have increased familiarity and created cohesive relationships between employees. Also, communication networks should be expanded and fully utilized to disseminate information during the merger in order to reduce uncertainty and increase support of the merger. These methods would have allowed a cohesive culture among members of both companies to emerge over time.CONCLUSIONWhy was Chrysler a success?Chrysler initially pioneered several automobile parts, making it more accepted in the automobile market. After being criticised for not being environmentally friendly, Chrysler replied to the criticisms by introducing a new line of automobiles such as Hybrid cars and electric cars in the Dodge EV series and brought the brand back into demand.Why was DaimlerChrysler a failure?The merger of Daimler and Chrysler did not thrive as many people had predicted. It would have became the collaboration of the century if only they had managed to solve the problems that occurred within the newly formed DaimlerChrysler. The issues they faced wereThere were problems with the organizational system processes of the newly merged organization. Chrysler, on its own, constantly strived to improve its system properties, for instance, holism and negative entropy. However after it was merged with Daimler, they went under organizational restructuring, production cutbacks, cost cutting measures and numerous worker layoffs resulting in a high level of uncertainty among employees due to limited information received in communication network.Daimler embodied the concept of absolute formality, while Chrysler placed very little emphasis on hierarchies within the company. Furthermore, Daimler was still fighting to retain dominance in the newly merged DaimlerChrysler. The main mistake committed by the DaimlerChryslers managerial board was them being far too rigid when it came to the issue of communications within the company.The lack of a suitable managerial-leadership also cau sed a crisis. Daimler exercised the authority compliance style of management over Chryslers style of management of the Country club. The merger was thus marked by doubtful distrust when they failed to even reach a compromise to resolve their conflict.Chrysler experienced several problems that stemmed from a lack of a strong culture in the organization. Chrysler was historically known for its innovation but along the years, lost its core value by producing outdated products. Daimler and Chrysler failed to consider the vast differences in their national cultures and assimilate them during merger negotiations, thus causing DaimlerChrysler to lose its edge in the market, which ultimately led to a failed merger.What they should have done to solve the problems?During the negotiations prior to the merger, leaders of Daimler and Chrysler should have identified the vast differences in the national and corporate cultures of both companies. As both of the companies merged to complement their capabilities and resources, the domination and oppression of Daimlers culture over Chrysler adversely affected the merger. Chrysler experienced a loss of culture and an erosion of its successful values which reduced its overall capability. Therefore, the leaders of DaimlerChrysler should have exhibited cultural sensitivity and emotional intelligence to facilitate the growth of a cohesive culture. Through the collaboration of shared meanings and values, DaimlerChrysler would have created a successful merger.What happened to Chrysler in the end?Chryslers sales tumbled 30 percent in 2008 and it ended the year with only $2 billion in cash and reliant on a government bailout to keep it afloat. After which Fiat took an interest in Chrysler after pure(a) research of whether it will have minimal downside and be profitable. As JP Morgans analyst Himanshu Patel said, the merger for both Fiat and Chrysler could help the U.S. automaker secure another round of bailout funds.This is a strategic alliance, said Tim Ghriskey, chief investiture officer with Solaris Asset Management in New York By Gilles Castonguay and Poornima GuptaWe hope that Chrys