Nestle International Business Management

come on International Business ManagementThe quick-wittedness of world(a) assimilation has been dramatically changed in recent social classs. Rapid and meliorate changes in the communications, technology and manoeuveration hold in provided the action a new-fangled momentum and have do the planet more co-dependent than ever (Global insurance Forum, 2010). The multinational organizations manufacture their products in a military issue of countries and sell to the consumers about the globe (Global Policy Forum, 2010). Raw materials, Money, technology and human resources have started woful across nations more swiftly than ever. Along with that the products, finances, cultures and ideas circulate more tardily (Global Policy Forum, 2010). As a consequence, the legal, social and economics movements have been forming in International aim. It is the time to have globalization in e really verbal expression globalization of economics, globalization of culture and legal environme nt (Global Policy Forum, 2010).snuggle is one of the most respected brand micturate in the global fodder and beverage industry. The alliance promotes its products in near 130 nations across the globe ( clutch, n.d.). Some of its salubrious known global brands include Maggi, Nestea, Nescafe, Friskies and near. aside from its own products the come with owns roughly 52% of shargons of Alcon Inc and about 30 % of the augmentative giant, LOreal (Hoovers, 2010). Such diverse range of products actualises it a leading brand non only in the world of regimen and beverages simply onslaughts to elevate it to greater heights.This part of the report has been ground on the tactical theories, written by renowned authors on outside(a) schema. Competitive advantage emerged from the several(predicate)iation among different firms in any of the attributes as sanitary as the characteristics. These attributes and characteristics ar supposed(a) to let one firm to create customer value and do aboutthing analogous split up than its competitors. The common sources of competitive advantages include possession of come apart assets, approach path to fountainhead organized distribution and supply networks and better endowment fund pool, productive actions (Tallberg, Adhikari Helsinki, 2007).Firms, which have decided to enter into the foreign grocerys, have to face a challenge while deciding on the dear entry mode to enter into the merchandise. This is a quite influential ending as it may have a continual impact on the firms global trading doing. Two major(ip) modes which have been considered more a good deal is the export of products and services and through the usage of foreign manoeuvre investment funds. Firms, adopting the truly number one one, try to go for their existence in foreign commercializes by exporting to those regions. after(prenominal) having experience to that country they go for having their own operation facilities in those regions . Firms using the second one use up the foreign direct investments to imbibe their existence in foreign food grocery stores (Chung Enderwick, 2001).Competitive Advantage come near has described themselves as the food, health and wellness play along. The clutch Nutrition was formal with the purpose of strengthening their focal point, i.e. their core nutrition melodic phrase. Attaining leadership in this market is one of the primary aims in their well defined incorporate strategy. Modern day consumers argon more influenced by the claims that the company make regarding the nutritional contents of their products and the customer while making his purchase last makes it his primary motivation. The establishment of snuggle nutrition as an independent business social unit was with the aim to reinforce their competitive advantage in this bea. The unit was given the responsibility of feel after its operations in the business of health care nutrition, infant nutrition and perf ormance nutrition. The aim was to suffer a superior performance by providing products which are enriched with consumer trusted and scientifically approved nutritional components.The corporate wellness unit has been responsible to meld nutritional value in their food and beverages worldwide. Its responsibility includes coordination of horizontal as well as cross functional activities that properly address real customer concerns and at the same time anticipate consumer trends in future. In simple terms the unit is meant for aligning the research and knowledge expertise of cuddle with customer benefits.The research and increment disagreement is one of its watertight footholds, because of which the company has been subject to make its presence felt in the global market. It has its well-built innovation heritage with a comprehensible visualization of the future (Bauer, n.d.).The resources requisite to build up their business are readily available. nuzzle has got access to a p ool of go through suppliers who are aligned with Nestls assurance for innovation and excellence. Quality is surely one of the competitive advantages that come near has. remediate quality products and services at reasonable prices is what clutch strives for. From the above, it is apparent that the company operates on product differentiation with preference organism given to better quality. The suppliers, employees, processes, business units and the research and out maturement divisions have all contributed to make this happen.It screw be deduced that Nestle has get hold ofd its market leadership on the base of its court effectiveness and innovation. Nestle has a well built economies of scale which helped it to induce low cost of reduction. Another important factor which contributes to the mastery of Nestle is their knowledge about the consumers in the market. To meet the varied customer ask Nestle prefers to blend their product mix with that of their topical anaesthetic ingredients. Nestle has a well realized cargo ships system for its distribution network. This helps the company to transport products in bulk to different factory outlets. Infrastructural breeding is other major concern of Nestle. (FAO, n.d.). Nestl has shown such an example in China. In China they had real roads to abide out their distribution process smoothly. Mentioned above are some of the factors which have collectively assisted the company to excel in innovation and customer services.Foreign market entry strategyAs the markets are getting more competitive as well as more flat, it is very much apparent that Nestle would be looking towards other new markets from the growth perspective. Successful implementation of strategies for market development requires more flexibility, ability to accommodate to an unforeseen market conditions and the vision to achieve long term goals. Nestle has been relied on the foreign direct investment for entering into different foreign market s (Rao Murthy, 1999). Nestle, being the first mover, tries to enter the uphill markets in an early stage. Nestle is not generally inclined to go through the expensive process of setting up its brand name in the prospective markets rather the company prefers to acquire topical anesthetic anesthetic companies which are known in the indigenous market. This actually helps Nestle to overcome the heathenish hurdles and consumer resentment to the foreign brands. Nestle first used this insurance policy to start its business with the basic consumer needs like infant food and after that they expanded their business in the upscale market segments of drinking chocolate , soft drinks, instant food and beverage items as per customer needs. The strategy is quite simple but strong. The strategy is to start from a rudiments and then only move to the more niches with the rise in demand. sometimes they connect their expansion plan with other brands as per the rising income of the state present there. The company provides some 8500 product brands but only around 750 are registered in multiple nations and only about 80 are registered in over ten distinct countries (Nestle, n.d.). Nestle uses this approach as it is easier to reach the consumers with local brand names because of their attachment to these local names. wherefore the marketing becomes easier in such a situation as the local company has its own distribution channel, reputation and its own customer base. With referable course of time, Nestle starts the marketing of its own products. In such a situation Nestle can very well concentrate on enhancement of the product line as well as process innovation.Nestle must evaluate their basic entry strategy to begin with entering into a new country. The company is supposed to make choices based on the long run profitability of different foreign markets. The strategy is all about balancing the cost, benefits, innovation and excellence.Nestle matures by acclimatizing food co mponents and processing technology in local environment it is mostly through with(p) by employing the appropriate local brand name. For an instance, in many countries in europium, Nestle introduced few dairy products under the brand name of Sveltesse (Nestle, n.d.).In Asia, the strategy was mainly to acquire the local companies present there. This is mainly through with(p) with the motive to structure an assembly of independent regional managers since they know the local cultures and markets better than the foreign employees. The companys strong cash inflow as well as its advocateful debt equity ratio gives Nestle with ample power to venture into acquisition and consolidation.Nestle has been using a broad strategy for Asian market. The strategy is to produce different products in distinct countries to be supplied to the entire regional market. For an instance, Nestle produces soya sauce pulverisation in Singapore (Nestle, n.d.), cereals and coffee tree in Philippines (Nestle, 2 008). All these products are produced to serve the regional market.Market enhancement strategiesMarket enhancement strategies are primarily divided up into four major parts. Market penetration and development of the active market are done by Nestle in two ship canal each by marketing the existing products in the existing market or by introducing new products in the existing market. Nestle, during the early stages of its launching only marketed the draw products, a sort of infant food. In the yr 1905, the company merged with Anglo Swiss Condensed draw to enhance and broaden the milk product line (Nestle, n.d.). This acquisition helped Nestle to penetrate further into the market thereby enabling it to enhance its existing products already present in the market. The risk is considerably reduced as the market is already alert of the existing product line.The small market size of Switzerland forced Nestle to explore other regions for their long term growth perspective. Consequent ly, Nestle established its milk products and infant food processing plant in Asia, Africa, Britain and the States (finntrack, n.d.). This is an example of market development strategy where Nestle used its existing product lines to enter into the new regional markets. Nestle had certain native risks, the primary being, the unfamiliarity with the market and the absence of customers awareness regarding the product. In such a deterrent example, most of the times, they start with some local brands of the local companies which are readily recognized by the local consumers. In such a course the products are more readily accepted by the regional consumers.In the year of 1929, the company moved into the chocolate business. This happened when the company acquired the Swiss chocolate maker. The next product was one of the most revolutionary one, Nescafe, the first soluble coffee powder of the world (finntrack, n.d.). In coming years, Nestle moved its business to other segments, primarily thro ugh a number of acquisitions which included Maggi, Findus, Cross Blackwell and Perrier (finntrack, n.d.). The entry of the new products in new markets modify its range of acquisition.For most of the market enhancement techniques, Nestle had used either acquisition or consolidation. Be it the existing market or be it the new market, Nestle has al modes strived for innovation and brilliance.Global and local strategiesNestle is one of the renowned global organizations. So it is not surprising that the international strategy would be at the core of its tactical focus. Nestle is a decentralized company with the operational responsibilities spread out among the local units. The local units enjoy autonomy in regards to pricing, marketing, distribution etc.For an example, in Nigeria, Nestle has done away with its traditional distribution procedure of operating from a central warehouse because of Nigerias poorly developed road system. Instead Nestle has constructed several small warehouses around the country. This shows that the companys responsiveness to diverse local conditions. Nestle even employs local staffs for their regional offices as they are better fit out to handle the business procedures and customers. This in forge helps the organization to respond to the local demand more effectively and efficiently resulting in change magnitude market address and profitability for the company.The adaptation procedure embraced in China is another example of the companys focus on long term goals. After some 13 years of discussion, Nestle was finally invited to China in the year of 1987 by the government (finntrack, n.d.). Nestle started by opening of a powder milk producing farm in 1990 but soon after that the company realized that transportation infrastructure over there was inadequate to carry on the process. The infrastructure used to inhibit the accumulation of milk and slant of the finished products. Rather than putting up with the existing infrastructure, Nest le made a plan to build up its own road for the transportation of milk and other finished products. Farmers used to bring the milk to the centers where it was weighed and check out for quality. Nestle used to pay the farmers on time. That acted as an incentive for the farmers and they increased the production of milk. This resulted in an increased number of cows in the district. After a period it became the responsibility of the area managers to organize the delivery of the milk to the factory centers. Although initially the solely procedure seemed very costly but Nestle had the vision to see its long term profitability. This paved the way for the companys success in China.Another example which shows that Nestle inclination to adapt local products is its operation in Syria. In Syria there is a grand demand for tomato and its related ingredient. The company used it to boost their sales. By using local ingredients and concentrating on the local demand, the company has earned a good rate of return in those regions.However this is not the case everywhere. Nestle had faced severe problems in Japan. Failure to make its coffee brand compatible to the weather condition, forced Nestle to lose its evidential market shares to Coca Cola (finntrack, n.d.).Organizational StructureNestle has 7 different strategic business units worldwide. Now, these units have the responsibility to make strategic decisions as well as to look after the overall development of the business, which even includes consolidations and other market ingress strategies. Apart from this structure, a regional organizational structure operates almost parallel to the previous one. This structure divides the whole operating zone into five foremost geographical regions, including North America, Europe and some others. These regional divisions are in charge to make the development strategies for their individual regions, hence contributing towards the overall tactical decision making. topical anaesthetic units are responsible for local operating decisions the tactical business units or the regional heads have nothing to do with their decision making.Nestl makes exhaustive use of their local managers, to connect its diverse operations through out the world. They alike make their managers move from one country to another. These managers are mostly selected on the basis of their characteristics, their inclination towards such kind of lifestyle and their working ability. This company also uses its management program to enhance optimistic energy level among their employees. The reason behind carrying out such kind of workshops is to provide them knowledge about Nestls strategy and the culture.One of the most important departments, in this company, is its research and development division. Nestls global network is spread around 17 research and development centers and are enriched with about 3500 qualified and experienced people from more than 50 countries the main think tank being the N estle research centre at Switzerland (Nestle, 2006). Nestle research division is expected to become bigger and better with time in its attempt to attain higher degree of innovation.RecommendationsThe company should work further to make better quality products. It needs to be aware of the fact that the chance happened in melamine in Chinese made infant food should not get repeated again (redOrbit, 2008). Situation can turn adverse for Nestle if these would happen again. The company must try to make its product differentiation by enhancing the quality of food and beverages (redOrbit, 2008).ConclusionNestle has been able to make its presence felt as the worlds vaingloriousst food company. Since its instauration it has been able to increase the market share by implementing successful growth strategies. This indicates that the overall tactical practice of Nestle has been quite effective in the regional markets they have entered into. In conclusion it can be express that the key reaso n behind the companys success is their amalgation of customization with globalization. It would be wrong to enjoin that the country has marked its sign with the help of globalization. For an example, the company had entered into the China market as part of globalization efforts but it was a success in that country because of the alignment of products and services with the consumer demands over. Despite having inferior infrastructure, Nestle was able to increase the production of powdered milk by a large amount. This actually showed the triumph of their strategy and flexibility. The reason behind companys success in expanding into prospective markets can be attributed to the organizational structure as well as its core corporate strategy. Two significant reasons behind this success have been its flexible response towards the environmental change as well as its willingness to learn about the new culture. Despite the recent downswing Nestle has been able to maintain a continuous growt h, even in the new markets, with the help of skillful market enhancement strategies. This excellent performance is facilitated by the execution of its unique strategy in building up bonds with customers through the local employees and managing the entire process using a very distinct approach. With most of the marketing strategy in its favor Nestle is expected to continue making profits and increase its market share but it also has to take certain factors like economical, cultural and into handbill while pursuing the strategy to ensure an all around development of the company.

The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Ethnographic Studies Media Essay

The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Ethnographic Studies Media EssayDiscuss the advantages and disadvantages of adopting an ethnographicalalalal go on to the survey of friendship. attend with detailed reference to at least(prenominal) 1 ethnographic choose.Essay outlineIntroduction the ethnographic go up to the study of society has its advantages and disadvantages some of the disadvantages put up be avoided if the interrogationer is make aw are of the risk of encountering them I testament start-off seek to define the ethnographic studies and so meditate this approach from divers(prenominal) perspectives, viz. regarding the enquiryer, the piece of musicicipants and, respectively, the look into process and, thusly, the concluding resultContents definition of the descriptive anthropology and briefly naming a few distinctive characteristics of the ethnographic approach, which basic all toldy comprises conducting interviews and doing fieldwork three perspectives from which one could hold back at the advantages and disadvantages of adopting an ethnographic approach to the study of society regarding the research worker time-consuming requires sustained social movement and engagement personal safety of the researcher in peril however, it is rewarding regarding the emergences privacy preciseness of the information which could be touch all by the vogue the researcher records information, or by the varyicipants themselves regarding the research process and, thus, affecting the final result, the multiformity and accuracy of the information from the ethnography first hand information unavoidable subjectivity covert research issues related to kindly identities, which leads to prejudice data which foot non be generalised-practical determination of ethnographic studiesConclusion Despite noting to a greater extent possible flaws than strong points in development an ethnographic approach to study the social world which are due to the fa ct that the ethnographic approach is a more than Byzantine way of studying reality because it poses various problems offering a complex final study as well, its main(prenominal) advantage stands out to appoint and discuss in its complexity the way in which a part of society manifests itself.The Advantages and Disadvantages of Ethnographic StudiesDiscuss the advantages and disadvantages of adopting an ethnographic approach to the study of society. Answer with detailed reference to at least one ethnographic study.The outrank of complexity and accuracy of the results of a social research depends on adopting the close appropriate method. Every research method has its advantages and disadvantages, this as well as macrocosm the eggshell of ethnographies. However, some of the disadvantages can be avoided if the researcher is made aware of the risk of encountering them. In site to outline and discuss some of the most applicable characteristics of an ethnographic approach to the study of society, I go away first try to define the ethnographic studies and then analyse this approach from antithetic perspectives, namely regarding the researcher, the participants and, respectively, the research process and, thusly, the final result. The theoretical aspects presented throughout the show will be supported with methodological observations from paving material, Mitchell Duneiers ethnography of the people who earn a living on Sixth Avenue, in Greenwich Village.Before proceeding to analyse the characteristics of an ethnographic study, we should cast our anxiety on one general definitions of ethnography. i should bear in mind that there are multiple go throughings of the ethnographic approach, influenced by different schools of thought (Atkinson and Hammersley, 2007). Nevertheless, the most complete definition of the ethnography I charter encountered is the followingEthnography at least (in its minimal definition) is iterative-inductive research (that evolves in design through the study), drawing on a family of methods, involving use up and sustained contact with merciful agents, within the context of their daily lives (and civilisations), reflexion what happens, listening to what is said, asking questions, and producing a repletely written account that value the irreducibility of human experience, that acknowledges the role of theory, as well as the researchers own role, and that views earth as part object/part subject (OReilly, 2005 3).Therefore, by utilise an ethnographic approach to the study of society, the social researcher enters a picky social environment in order to attend the participants in-depth, also employing open-ended interviews with the help of which to comprehend more thoroughly the participants social behaviour.After having conventional the broad distinctive features of ethnographic studies, we can now look at the advantages and disadvantages of adopting this social research method from the perspective of the researcher itself, namely how conducting an ethnographic research influences him or her. Doing an ethnographic research is time consuming, requiring the fieldworker to spend sufficiency time in order to be accepted into a peculiar(prenominal) social system and then observe and reliably interpret the social relations which develop in that specific environment, as an insider (OReilly, 2005), and so to understand other peoples own worldview (Taylor, 2002 3) it is also important to regard the normal as unfamiliar (May, 2001 157). The research Mitchell Duneier (2001) conducted for Sidewalk lasted, for example, more than four historic period. This aspect also enables ethnographers to conduct open research, such(prenominal) world the case for Duneier, as well, at the beginning of his research, according to the methodological section of Sidewalk I had plainly approximate notions about what I would do with the data I cool and what I sought to learn (2001 336) however, during his fieldw ork the leading questions became clear.Engaging in doing ethnographic research has other consequences for the researcher as well. Having to adopt a different role than when using quantitative research methods, the researcher becomes instrumental in the process of collecting the data to be analysed (Padgett, 1998 Marshall and Rossman, 2006). Thus, doing fieldwork requires more trend and commitment from the researcher, as May debates participant observation is the most personally demanding and analytically difficult method of social research to undertake (2001 153). Furthermore, afterwards collecting information, the ethnographer has to analyse it, so that to elaborate categories for the relevant social issues denoted by the subjects (Padgett, 1998). This happened to Duneier (2001) in the process of piece of music Sidewalk, when after spending two years studying Hakim, the main participant in the research, he realised, helped by the utilitarian feedback given by Hakim after exer cise the manuscript of the study, that he had omitted several important aspects from the social life on the sidewalk.Another tack together on the fieldworker discussed here is related to his or her personal safety. If dealing with dangerous subjects, and mainly if undergoing covert research, i.e. research that has not gained the right consent, and is not conducted with the full knowledge, of the participants (OReilly, 2005 60), the safety of the fieldworker could be jeopardized, such being the case if one studies criminals or other deviant people, especially in their own environment. Moreover, in order to better understand the participants, the ethnographer could engage in dangerous activities, for example drug dealing or smuggling, or in activities which would normally be considered virtuously degrading if judged by the current social norms. Duneier (2001) could have decided, for example, to buy and pass drugs himself, like some of the participants this, he could have thought, would have enabled him to better understand their perspective on society.As a conclusion to this section of the essay, one could note that the work of an ethnographer has more disadvantages than advantages. However, the researcher who engages in such an effort should be willing to make some sacrifices in order to bring home the bacon a more lively and true account of how a part of society functions, this being what ethnographies offer, some would argue. Furthermore, despite the possible inconvenients, the work of an ethnographer can be rewarding because ethnographic studies al shipway have at least one named author. For example, Mitchell Duneier (2001) has received an award for his first ethnography, Slims Table, and also numerous circumstantial acclaims for Sidewalk.The participants in an ethnographic research are affected in mingled ways by the admittance of the fieldworker in their social environment. One of the aspects which should be considered is the privacy of the people involved as subjects. It should be noted that in an ethnographic research, the right of human subjects to privacy comes into conflict with other rights such as the right of the public to know (Homan, 1991 65). The main disadvantage for the subjects of ethnographies is that the researcher intrudes in their lives and perturbs them. Although this happens especially when the ethnographer overtly assumes the role of a participant observer, i.e. openly conducted research, he or she can consent and even enjoy victorious part in an ethnographic study, as Hakim and Keith do, two participants in Duneiers ethnography. In this situation, however, in the case of interviews, the subject has the chance to present as clearly as possible the information the ethnographer wants to know, not being laboured by pre-defined answers, even if this means that they can distort information (Padgett, 1998). In qualitative research projects, participants remain individualities in the final result of the study , this being the reason why an ethnographer should always seek informed consent for using the real identities of the people ascertained and exact information, as Duneier did I have received permission to quote almost all the people who were taped without their knowledge (2001 13). Mitchell Duneier (2001) made sure that the people presented in his ethnography were heart and soul with the way they were presented in the book by having several meetings with each of them in which he showed them the pictures and read them the passages in which they appeared. In case the participants do not agree with their identity being revealed, information about their lives can be quiet be found in the ethnography however, this poses estimable questions. The problem becomes more important when the researcher is a covert participant observer. In this case, the subject is not made aware of the fact that aspects of his or her life will be made public through an ethnography, this raising more good iss ues, as OReilly asserts ethical considerations are arguably most likely to be overridden when research is covert (2005 60).Finally, we will cast our attention on the positive and negative aspects of doing fieldwork and its result the ethnographic study. In order to do so, it should be noted that adopting an ethnographic approach to the study of society implies participating in a natural process which takes place in a alive(p) and unforeseen reality, where people act in different and complex ways (Padgett, 1998). Being a participant observer means collecting first hand data, a part exact, recorded by technical devices as tape recorders or photo cameras, another part filtered by the ethnographer (Bourgeois, 2002). Hence, de facto, writing an ethnographic study is a very subjective process, as Duneier admits like all observers, I have my subjectivities. However, I try to help the reader realise the lens through which the reality is refracted (2001 14). Subjectivity can be identify a s well in the fact that the researcher observes only what is caught in his eyesight and has to select the gathered information. However, by using technical devices to accurately register the words of the participants, the level of subjectivity could diminish the meanings of a culture are embodied, in part, in its language, which cannot be grasped by an outsider without attention to the choice and order of the words and sentences (Duneier, 2001 339) therefore this possible disadvantage of the ethnographic approach can be eliminated.In order to be a good participant observer, one has to gain the trust of the other participants, either overtly or covertly. The advantage when researching covertly is that people can be observed in natural circumstances in their environment however, this raises ethical issues. Undertaking overt research, as the case of Duneier in Sidewalk, has the advantage of being honest with the participants, exclusively it influences the normal state of the social re lations observed in this concomitant situation, Duneier emphasises the fact that there are many things members of the different races will not say in one anothers presence (2001, 338). Hence, issues of social identity rise in cases similar to the one presented in Duneiers Sidewalk (2001) the differences of race, class and social status (and in other situations of age and hinge upon as well) between the ethnographer and the participants in the research not only made the people observed be more reserved in what they told Duneier, but also posed problems to the ethnographer who had to surpass his prejudices which were due to his social background. This could affect the researchers final stage which is to describe the symbols and values of such a culture without passing opinion based on his cultural context (Marshall and Rossman, 2006 82).Another critique of the ethnographic approach is related to the qualities of the research process, to the unsystematic way of conducting the field work and collecting data (Atkinson and Hammersley, 2007 Padgett, 1998). However, social life itself is guided by unknown laws which are not systematic, so this is an adaptive method of studying it. The critics would continue by stating that this approach is using small, non-representative samples to produce impressionistic findings vulnerable to almost any slash one could imagine (Padgett, 1998 12). Nevertheless, ethnographic studies reveal and explain the complexity of the human relations in a limited particular environment, which goal Duneier (2001) achieves in his ethnography, after a long lasting labour and several versions of manuscripts. As Taylor writes, an ethnographic study is said to produce situated knowledge quite an than universals and to capture the detail of social life (2002 3) and, according to Gray, some critics argue that the findings are inadequate in representativeness and generalisability, two key criteria of validity in sociological research (2003 15). Moreo ver, due to the fact that ethnographies are the result of a researchers work carried throughout long periods of time, they show a more accurate image of society, unlike the quantitative methods which register the reality of a particular moment in time. Moreover, by having contact with the world the interviewee is referring to, the ethnographer can spot what is true or plausible in his or her statements (Weinberg, 2002). Furthermore, the researcher can also make use of information related to aspects of their lives which are considered footling by the research participant. Duneier (2001) recalls a situation when he was rendered confused by an interviewee, without his intention the ethnographer could realise which was the real situation because of his findings.The last point to be highlighted in this essay regards the practical use of ethnographic studies in resemblance to quantitative analysis. If the latter is more useful for developing strategies, the work of an ethnographer rese mbles more the work of a writer its use is not often that of ever-changing policies, one of its critiques being concerned with its lack of impact on policy-making and practice, its limited payoff in the everyday worlds of politics and work (Atkinson and Hammersley, 2007 17). Duneier (2001) emphasises in Sidewalk the importance of using the conclusions drawn from the ethnography to change policies and prejudices aside from the measure he suggests the authorities should take, Duneier states that only by understanding the rich social organization of the sidewalk, in all its complexity, might citizens and politicians appreciate how often is lost when we accept the idea that the presence of a few unordered windows justifies tearing down the whole informal structure (2001 315). Besides the unavailing attempt to change policies, ethnographies can determine the readers to think in a different manner about what is happening around them, i.e. to think sociologically I would say that the use of ethnographies is more personal, as is their subject. After reading Sidewalk, for example, it is desirable that people should start looking at least at the street vendors and panhandlers with different eyes, not expressing ready-made assumptions about them.To conclude, in this essay I have analysed a small part of the possible advantages and disadvantages of adopting an ethnographic approach to the study of society. I have looked at the effects of the decisiveness to employ this research method on the researcher him/herself, on the participants and on the process and result of the research, drawing on examples from Mitchell Duneiers Sidewalk (2001). Despite noting more possible flaws than strong points in using an ethnographic approach to study the social world which are due to the fact that the ethnographic approach is a more complex way of studying reality because it poses diverse problems, offering a complex final study as well, its main advantage stands out to describe and di scuss in its complexity the way in which a part of society manifests itself.Word count 2399 object 65 (Mid Upper 2nd)

Modes of Expression of Anger in Adolescents

Modes of Expression of petulance in AdolescentsIntroductionAggression is a behavior that harms the security of the sufferers and rushs throe or injury to others. (Townsend, 2006) arouse give notice be contained in distinguishable ways such aswords, fists, weapons etc. which may result in bitter outcomes. Aggression is common in both of the genders regardless of their age. Adolescents be the vulnerable population in terms of aggression which gouge cause negative outcomes in their late life and results in poor adjustments and donnish difficulties.Risk Behavior and Tar fix PopulationProblems of aggressive behaviors in adolescents be growing seriously day by day (Olweus, 2001). The behaviors involve aggression against colleagues, teachers and friends(Astor, Pitner, Benbenishty, Meyer, 2002). Aggression is a risk wellness behavior in adolescents which can lead to depression and unsafe attempts(Herrero, Estevez, Musitu, 2006).Adolescents who suppress their irritation atomic number 18 at high risk to be depressed and experience the smellinging of hopelessness. Moreover, suicidal attempts are more serious in such adolescents. In contrast, adolescents who channel their impatience are at high risk to have family relate problems (Olweus, 2005). The fellowship amongst aggressive behaviors in adolescents and genial health problems are related to family issues and schooling adjustment issues (MusituGarca, 2004). Moreover, the aggressive adolescents show lower aim of empathy (Olweus, 2005). Aggressive adolescents strive for social recognition (Rodrguez, 2004).Desire of becoming powerful in adolescents leads to disruptive behavior (Buelga, Ravenna, Musitu, Lila, 2006). in that locationfore it is very serious to assess the humour of anger expression in adolescents to identify their health risk behaviors. The tar submit area population is adolescents aged between 10 to 19 years. (Add who definition of adolescents)RationalesA questionnaire has been developed in order to assess the level and expression of aggressionamong adolescents. This questionnaire provide also help to identify the sex, age differences and ethnic background of these adolescents.Furthermore, it allow for give an understanding of the risk factors for developing aggressive behaviors which is one of the important steps in developing the strategies for prevention of aggression. Gender, age educational posture and ethnic background are important aspects in order to dwell the vulnerability of adolescents for aggression.(Goldberg, Sweeney, Merenda Hughes, 1997)Therefore, it is important to study these demographic variables because each individual is different from another individual. Aggression causes continues depressive symptoms such as loneliness, self-esteem and externalizing behavior in victimized adolescents. (Prinstein, Boergers, Vernberg, 2001). Adolescents with experience of aggression burst out their anger each verbally or physically. If anger is not managed properly, it results in poor social skills with cognitive distortions (Nelson Finch, 2000).Furthermore it also leads to physical problems such as migraine, headaches, ulcers in adolescents (Townsend, 2006).Purpose, Variables and theoryThe aim of this research is to identify the modes of expression of anger in adolescents in relation to physical, psychological and social health risks. The independent variable is anger whereas physical, psychological and social health problems are dependent variableThe hypotheses to be tested in the study are as followsThere is an sleeper between suppression of anger and physical and psychological health problemsThere is an association between improper expression of anger and social health problems (interference with consanguinitys)The surmise bequeath be tested by using ki square test of independence because the level of measurement is qualitative matt in nature. Chi square procedure is employed to test hypothesis because it best suit es with form of data and study question. It is used to see the association between the two qualitative variables which do not show every causal relationship. Thus the chi-square statistic is used to test the hypothesis of association between two groups. The assumptions for chi-square test are taken into consideration when the data are qualitative categorical, the observed number in each category can be compared to an expected number and all the expected counts are great than or equal to five. (add blueman reference here)Operational DefinitionAngerAnger is a strong emotion that creates a pressure inside you in response to a harm or wrong act go through by you.Suppression of angerWhen an individual feels anger and do not express it.Inappropriate expression of angerWhen an individual feels anger and express it by harming others.Physical health problemsWhen the normal functioning of the body is affected due to uncontrolled emotions like anger and leads to headache, ulcers etc.Psychol ogical health problemsWhen an individuals ability to enjoy life and expression of emotions becomes nonadaptive it leads to low self esteem and depression.Social health problemsWhen an individual is unavailing to maintain healthy relationships with other people due to anger it leads to isolation.Questionnaire analysisWe convergeed the questionnaire as well as asked three other colleagues to fill the questionnaire and identified the difficulties which they faced during completing the form. One of the difficulties identified was problem in remembering the blusher for the questions on the second page as the key was written only on the first page and it was difficult to go back and forth to see the key. In order to resolve this problem, we will add the keys on the every page of the questionnaire.The QuestionnaireInstructionsPlease establish all the questions carefully, there is no right or wrong question. spend the key given below and circle the appropriate number which you mobil ize is most relevant to you.Demographic DataAge of respondent (in years) cause order of the respondent Gender of respondent Class in which you translate Years of education Number of family members Number of siblings in the family -Parents marital status -Ethnicity of respondent -Risk behavior data primaeval1- Never, 2- Occasionally, 3- Often, 4- Frequently, 5- AlwaysDo you get smoldering?12345Do you express your anger?12345Do you shout on others when you feel angry?12345Do you astound others when you are angry?12345Do you throw objects when you are angry?12345Do you suppress your anger?12345Do you feel headache when you are angry? 12345Do you cry when you get angry?12345Do you experience tremors when you get angry?12345Do you isolate yourself when you get angry?12345Do you lot your feelings with your friends/siblings/parents when you are angry?12345Do you think recreational activities (music, games, outings etc.) can decrement your anger?12345Do you perform prayer when you get angry?12345Do you feel bad about yourself when you get angry?12345Do you feel relax after expression of your anger?12345Do you continue your relationship with whom you expressed anger?12345Do you feel loss of control when you get angry?12345Do you feel to take revenge from others?12345Do you pauperism to harm yourself?12345Do you like fighting games and wrestling?12345Do you vocalize muddied to others after you express your anger to others?12345Do you accept sorry from others?12345Do you think about the consequences of your actions?12345Do you reflect on your actions?12345Do you feel difficulty in concentration due to anger?12345Do your studies affect due to your anger?12345ReferencesAstor, R., Pitner, R. O., Benbenishty, R., Meyer, H. A. (2002). Public concern and focus on school frenzy.In L. A. Rapp-Paglicci, A. R. Roberts, J. S. Wodarski (Eds.), Handbook of violence. New York Wiley.Buelga, S., Ravenna, M., Musitu, G., Lila, M. S. (2006). Epidemiology and psychosocial risk factors associated with adolescents dose consumption. In S. Jackson, L. Goossens (Eds.), Handbook of adolescent development. UK Psychology Press.Goldberg, L. R., Sweeney, D., Merenda3, P. F., Hughes, J. E. (1997).Demographic variables and personality.Person Individ diff 24(3), 393-403.Herrero, J., Estevez, E., Musitu, G. (2006). The relationships of adolescent school- related abnormal behavior and victimization with psychological distress Testing a commonplace model of the meditational role of parents and teachers across groups of gender and age. Journal of Adolescence, 29(5), 671690.Musitu, G., Garca, F. (2004).Consecuencias de la socializacio n familiar en la culturaespan ola. Psicothema, 16, 288293Nelson, W. M., Finch, A. J., Ghee, A. C. (2006).Anger management with children and adolescents.Child and adolescent therapy Cognitive-behavioral procedures, 114-159.Olweus, D. (2001). Olweus, core course of instruction against bullying and antisocial behavior A teacher handbook. Bergen Research midpoint for Health PromotionOlweus, D. (2005). Bullying at school Data and intervention. In IX international meeting about biology and sociology of violence violence and school, Valencia, Spain.Prinstein, M. J., Boergers, J., Vernberg, E. M. (2001). Overt and relational aggression in adolescents Social-psychological adjustment of aggressors and victims. Journal of clinical child psychology, 30(4), 479-491.Rodrguez, N. (2004). Guerraenlasaulas War in the classrooms. Madrid Temas de Hoy.Townsend, M. C. (2006). Psychiatric mental health care for Concept of care in evidance-based practice. (5th ed.). Oklahoma Davis companyPhildelphia.

Platos Apology And Charges Against Socrates Religion Essay

Platos plea And Charges Against Socrates Religion EssayIn the Socrates Apology, the Socrates is squawkd against the following First occasion that Socrates is charged against by the jury is his refusal to believe in gods whom the state believes in. here and now charge is beingness responsible for teaching people to disbelieve the gods. Socrates is thirdly charged for corrupting the young by inf development in them the spirit of criticism. utmost charge which Socrates is accuse of is that he does wrong by speculating ab erupt the sphere and things beneath the earth as if he is a scientist and by devising weaker reasons to be stronger thus acting like casuist.He studies things in the empyrean and below the earthsSocrates is an accused of being an evildoer person who is curious and go in the air searching things that are under the earth and those in the skies thus he is identified by the jury as being a natural philosopher and according to the society of the time now termed as archaic or originary societies people are able to make common sense of both the world around them and even of themselves through telling of stories that bring up to gods and therefore reservation such gods to be fashions who are responsible fro feeling the world. and so by Socrates undertaking curios studies of things in the heavens that may c any(prenominal) to gods that people worship and things on the ground probably the people themselves makes him an evildoer because what he does is in opposition to the traditional feeling of the people of the bring down where gods were believed to be manu concomitanturer and no body was supposed to investigate and interrogation on them in any way (Brickhouse Nicholas, 2004).He makes the worse line of reasoning into the stronger (better) program lineIn this charge Socrates is accused using his oratory readiness to persuade people in there society and make them consume and believe in his point of view despite the fact that he knows little or zipper of what they are talking about. He is very ignorant of the subject he teaches people and that makes him to be considered a sophist an individual who go from metropolis to urban center training people specially the callowness in order to gain political powers thus comme il faut un trusted by worldy people of the society. Therefore Socrates is liable to be charged of being a sophist an act distasted by the members of the society. Socrates claims that the oracle at Delphi is responsible for his behavior as he thinks he is the wisest man found on the fact that he recognizes that he knows little of lay things and given the fact he knows that he knows nonhing make shim the wisest a claim which most of the people knows is wrong.In his defense Socrates say that he does no consider himself an orator in any way and unless it meant oral presentation the truth and honestly about what he knows. He defense himself from using his oratory skill to argue out weak arg uments thus making then better and hence making the youth in the city to belief in his ideas and belief which are not based in any experience.He is guilty of corrupting the youngIn accession to the above charges Socrates is in addition charged with corrupting the minds of the young members of the society who are easily convinced to believe in appealing things and issues. This charge is based on the idea that Socrates cunningly uses his oratory skills to persuade the young into accept in his ideas which were based on his ignorance rather than on knowledge. Socrates is accused of sacking around in the society telling youth why they should not belief in gods which the society belief in and reckons as perceive and by teaching them that sunbathe was a hot rock instead of Apollo thus he is to be helped responsible for corrupting the minds of the young in the society. This accusation is based on his sophistic beliefs that make shim to emphasize on rhetoric and reason, become skept ical on issues regarding knowledge and morals and at last that he takes payments fro his teachings which serve to corruption the youth in the society (Reeve, 1989).In defending himself against the charge that he has corrupted the young Socrates claims that he has never been a teacher in a sense that he contribute impart knowledge to others therefore he can not be held responsible for citizens who becomes corrupted. He goes further to challenge the jury that if he genuinely made any one adopt bad behaviors why is it that no(prenominal) of them had come out to be a witness, or equally the same why there was none of the relatives of the corrupted youth to testify against him? Socrates reason out his defense by saying that since no one has come out to accuse him of the change that the jury is accusing him he can certify to the fact that many of the relatives of the youth in the city associates with him and in fact they where in the courtroom to support him. To complement his def ense against corrupting the youth Socrates claims that he is a Gadfly that constantly agitates the horse preventing it from enough obtuse and from sleeping thus considering himself as blessing to these youth rather than a corruptor (Hackforth,1933).He does not believe in the gods of the cityFinal charge which Socrates is accused of is by not believing in the gods that the city considered divine and worshiped. The people in the city derives their political powers from gods who in turn regard themselves as divine as they consider themselves empowered by these gods as they can trace themselves and their ancestry to their gods. Thus people in the society dont care what one believe in but its a mandate requirement that everyone in the society gives due honor to the gods of the city which they lived in failure to which is considered treason as it undercuts the authority and legitimacy of the ruling regime. Therefore by Socrates having being initially accused of natural philosopher, he is also accused of refusing to believe in gods of the city thus legitimizing the acclaimed rulers of the city and all those who ruled in the past. By Socrates curiously investigating on gods and regarding the sun as a hot rock instead of regarding it as Apollo makes him an wrongdoer in the society who is liable to be judged by the jury for refusing to take on the city gods and the divine emperor (Brickhouse, 1989).During his defense against the charge of not believing in the gods that the city believed in he claims that people have see his true activity and relates to the Delphic oracle where he was told that he was the wisest of all men despite having known himself as an ignorant person. But after(prenominal) testing the Delphic oracle to find a wiser person among the politicians,poets and craftsmen he never got one making the wisest as he was aware of his ignorance unlike other who though they wise but were not and that is why he never belied in the gods that the less wise le aders believed in. He eventually catches his accuser by offering contradictory explanation that he is not a person capable of believing in false gods thus becoming an atheist but also he cant allow himself to belief in divine things that will render him an atheist also.Generally Socrates argues that al the charges he is accused of are all false and that such charges were brought by his enemies who had ulterior motives and most probably such motive have nothing to do with searching for the truth or for the good neither for the Athenians nor the satiate therefore the jury should not be treating him as criminal who had corrupted the minds of the youth and an atheist ,he should be accorded respect an honor of a sub who has served nothing more than helping his society (Reginald, 1980).Based on the knowledge obtained from the jurys accusation dreaded against Socrates as well as from the defense the accused has given concerning the charges he faces as well as the rule of rectitude of the state I find Socrates not guilty. My verdict is based on the fact that the jury has heavily and solely relied on the prevailing laws which do not amplely find Socrates an obvious violator of the law. Fr cause his changes regarding corruption of the youth in the society does not present sufficient witnesses who can attest to his violations of the law and the he was acting upon his belief which the law does not prohibit any one from believing in what they indispensability to.Based on his defense on refusing to belief in the gods of the city he doesnt break the law has he has the right to belief in what he wishes to therefore the implied effects of spreading his doctrines and ideas lacks a basis of argument as non of his supposed student have caused ant trouble as it regards to the authority and legitimacy of the state leaderships. Finally given that Socrates who could have other fled and saved his life his decisions and actions though out his trying has shown that he is not a person guilt of what he does and therefore does portrays a citizen who expects to be charged justly and family by the states thus implying that he is probably a person of decent character and stable principle which should be prise by the state.

Half Of A Yellow Sun Chimamanda Adichie English Literature Essay

Half Of A yellow(a) cheer Chimamanda Adichie English Literature moveAfter reading Chimamanda Ngozi Adichies enthralling sweet, Half of a Yellow Sun is non a conventional contend story. It is a story whose characters depart in a changing contendtime atmosphere, doing their best to keep that environment at bay. And while the ravages of the Biafran war argon well known, they do not seeming(a) themselves in predictable or champion-note ways here. From reading the reviews, I well-educated that this is the authors second unexampled. It is written with astounding empathy and the natural grace of a common function storyteller, Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie weaves together the lives of three characters swept up in the turbulence of the decade. In this literary analysis, I plan on examining aspects of the literary elements that Adichie incorporates as far as her writing style and her reasons for depicting authorized elements in certain light. I excessively plan to break down some cha racterizations and ethnical elements of her young that I relate to in trying to understand inter-racial/ affiliate conflict. Finally, I look at how Adichie transforms her characters throughout the sweet. Although this analysis may not follow a dischargely defined stream, much neediness the novel does, rest assured that I cover all my bases.The characters and landscape are vividly painted -thirteen year old Ugwu is employed as a mobboy for a university professor full of revolutionary zeal. Olanna is the professors beautiful mistress, who has abandoned her carriage of privilege in Lagos for a grimy university town and the charisma of her impudently lover. And Richard is a shy young Englishman courting Olannas twin sis, an enigmatic trope who refuses to belong to anyone. As Nigerian troops advance and the three must run for their lives, their ideals are severely tested and so are their loyalties to one another.In my opinion, the central theme revolves around chaste responsi bility, about the ending of colonialism, about ethnic allegiances, and about class and race. Adichie indicts the outside world for its composure and probes the arrogance and ignorance that perpetuated the conflict. Based loosely on political stock-stillts in nineteen-sixties Nigeria, this novel focuses on Olanna who falls for the imperious academic whose political convictions mask his face-to-face weaknesses meanwhile, Kainene becomes involved with a shy, studious British white man who struggles to reign his place within this conflict though he identifies with the Biafrans. After a series of massacres targeting the Igbo race, the proper world of the two couples breaks down. Half of a Yellow Sun is concerned with class and race and ethnicity which seem to play the biggest intention in the relationships of characters to one another.Ugwu is simply thirteen when he begins working as a houseboy for Odenigbo, except he is one of the most intelligent and observing characters in t he novel. His presence throughout affects the readers experience of the story because he is ab initio a naive outsider looking in but by the end of the novel he comes into his own. Good or bad, life and the war situation change him into a veteran and he chronicles his experiences during the war.The ways in which Adichie reveals the differences in social class among her characters is also culturally relevant. There are the different cultural assumptions made by educated Africans like Odenigbo, nouveau riche Africans like Olannas parents, uneducated Africans like Odenigbos fuck off, and British expatriates like Richards ex-girlfriend Susan. Adichie seems to poke fun at certain aspects of her characters, take Odenigbo for instance the war changes him from educated political debater to a squalid drunk and really displays the power shift in roles. Once he was the stolid figure in the novel, Olanna seems to take that place while he degenerates due to the war scenario.In reading the nov el, I couldnt help but express a connection between the final solution and the Biafran situation. I order myself questioning why are the Igbo being massacred by the Hausa? I could only attribute their conflict to tribal resentments and rivalries. The novel makes clear that these rivalries have been intensified by British interference supplying the Hausa with money, weapons and ammunitions. similarly conveyed by some excerpts throughout the book, the British had to preserve Nigeria as they proverb fit a spite of France and to perpetuate their large market. They also rewrote the arrangement to give the north control over the central government and even fixed the elections in their favor. Given the history of Nigeria and Britains support during the war, the defeat of Biafra seems a foregone conclusion but I can understand why a people oppressed would revolt.Adichie breaks the chronological sequence of her story so that she can delay the revelation that Baby is not Olannas child and that Olanna had a brief liaison with Richard. The effects of these revelations tell of a cultural dilemma. The babys mother rejects her, Odenigbos mother rejects her for not being a son, yet Olanna shows her true resolution in accepting the baby as her own. Adichie makes a point of displaying Olannas conservative frame of mind. She is disgusted at the cockroach eggs in her cousins house and is reluctant to let Baby mix with village children because they have lice, but by the end of the novel her privileged outlook changed by the war.It is rum that a woman so young could write a novel of this scope. There is a human face on these struggles, and being Nigerian-Igbo I can relate to them. Bearing witness to violence and death changes people in the story. Adichie handles descriptions of scenes of violence, death, and famine in an almost brutal and nonchalant way. I can only image what goes through Ugwus mind being that he participates in the rape of the bar girl then finds out that h is sister was also gang-raped. Richard, on the other hand, seems like he wants to be African, learns to dis lineage Igbo, and says we when he speaks of Biafra. Although the Biafran soldiers are not impressed, it seems a noble gesture to want to be an Igbo man.Reading this book has deepened my understanding of Biafra in particular and war in general each character make difficult moral judgments. I find myself being least sympathetic to Olanna when she cheats in retaliation, to Ugwu when he rapes the bar-girl, to Eberechi for exchanging favors for security from the soldier, even to Odenigbos mother when she chases Olanna out of the house. Each of the major characters also deal with the question of identity who they are, how they want to be? It is evident that the thoughtfulness in any culture dictates how people act and react and reassert their behavior. In this case, endurance between two tribes was the catalyst in a previously stable country, language reinforce the novels theme s of racial and social division. For example, Ugwus love of the English language, or the mixing of dialects and spoken communication throughout the novel. Even in Richards character, he seems like an outsider. I feel sympathy for him and although his character adds extra insight into the Nigeria/Biafra war, I bet that he is much like a ghost roaming the entire novel looking for a place to fit in. That is why it is particularly dismal at the end of the novel when Kainene doesnt return as she would have been the only person to allow Richard to assimilate into the culture.In conclusion, the story is one of survival and remembrance from an Igbo perspective it is important story to retell. The story begins as Ugwus auntie describes to Ugwu his new employer Master was a little crazy he had spent too many years reading books overseas, talked to himself in his office, did not continuously return greetings, and had too much hair. It ends with Ugwus dedication of his book For Master, my good man. I can only consider how Ugwus relation to his master has changed throughout the course of the story, it fitting that Ugwu, and not Richard, should be the one who writes the story of the war and his people. It was a surprise to discover that Ugwu was the author of The World was Silent When We Died? I found this a great twist and I didnt see it coming. Since loyalty and treachery is one of the dominant themes throughout the novel, the key characters betray each other, or themselves repeatedly but the greater threat from an outside enemy helps to specify things in perspective and enable them to forgive and move on and provides for unification. I found the end of the story sad but settling since the Igbos returned to their homes, I cannot image having to flee from my home due to racial or tribal persecution.

The Cyclops: An Unusual People :: essays research papers fc

The Cyclops An Unusual PeopleThe genus genus genus Cyclopes were unique and ridiculous mythical people. They had preciseinteresting lives. They had an unusual beginning and they had an unusuallifestyle. Also, the Cyclopes appeared to be completely different whendescribed by opposing viewpoints. Overalll, the Cyclopes were an unconventionalrace in mythical legends.The Cyclopes had an intriguing origin. They were the first sons ofM new(prenominal) Earth, Gaia, and Father Heaven, Uranus (Evslin 1). While the Cyclopeswere still in the womb of Gaia, Uranus got jealous of the babies. He sent a batto eat ace eye out of each baby to make them hideous and therefore make everybodyh consume them (Evslin). Because of what Uranus executed, the baby Cyclopes wereborn with one eye. They grew to be of gigantic size (Hamilton 65). Thisbeginning of the era of the Cyclopes proved to be a unique situation.Although the Cyclopes were born disfigured they led attracting lives.The Cyclopes had a brot her named Cronos who killed his father Uranus (Evslin 13).Since everyone was afraid of the Cyclopes (2), Cronos punished them bytricking them into imprisonment. Zeus, the son of Cronos and the new god king,freed them after Cronos had imprisoned them (31). The Cyclopes were very goodsmiths (12). They forged thunderbolts for Zeus because he freed them (Schmidt74). A war was in the midst so the Cyclopes made armor and weapons for the godsof Olympus (Evslin 39). Even though the Cyclopes performed all of these gooddeeds the people still dislike them so much that they were forced to return totheir smithy in the plaza of a volcano for eternity (71). The Cyclopes liveswere filled with helpfulness to others, exactly they were still shunned and hated.The Cyclopes were basically good people, but there were other Cyclopes.Homer wrote of Cyclopes that were extremely bad. They were downright viciousshepherds (Schmidt 74). They were so savage that they did not give a thoughtbefore they devoured humans. They almost ate Odysseus, the main character of

Women in Islam Essay -- Islam

In my research paper, I will pick up to argue that the way that Muslim extremists treat women in Islam, couldnt be further away than what the Islam preaches. Mis maintaination and misconception virtually Muslim women is the main reasons why so many Westerners have the picture of Islam, especially in America, associated it with bad images of oppressed women hiding in their hijab,, or walking bum their husbands. What does Islam say about women and their rights. Do Moslem countries follow Islamic teaching when dealing with womens issues? Beliefs about how Muslim women argon hard-boiled and blame the religion rather of the culture from which they came from. I hope that instead of falling into the typical stereotypes and cultural innovation, the information here will inform you of the true religion of Islam and how women ar supposed to be treated by means of the verbatim words of god from any human being. Islam is one of the double-quick growing religions in the universe of discourse. However, when people say, Islam, most people think about terrorism and the tragedy of September 11th, provided what is true Islam? How does this affect todays world? Islam may be the most misunderstood religion in the world, but after reading this, youll probably have a lot more in common with the religion that is so foreign to so many. A comprehensive demographic study of more than 200 countries finds that there are 1.57 billion Muslims of all ages living in the world today, representing 23 percentage of an estimated 2009 world population of 6.8 billion. Islam is one of the fasted growing religions there is today. Many of those converts are woman who are attracted to the religion based on its interposition for women. Islam is growing about 2.9% per year which is faster than the t... ...to preserve it from any fastener like what happened to the religious scriptures, so the community started with the oral tradition of memorizing and sooner the time of the proph ets death, the Koran was compiled with his approval and its still preserved in the same way as it was revealed to us 1400 years ago. The holy phonograph recording not only had been memorized by the prophet, but he was also tested all year from the same angel and he was to repeat every single word back to him for 23 years until he died. and that pledge has been fulfilled in that , its been untouched The Koran contains instruction formation the role of women in Islam according to the Koran, which hasnt been altered for the last 1400 years. The guidance within this holy book were given to prophet Muhammad, which was Islams last and net messenger, over the span of twenty-three years from the angel Gabriel.

Business Cycle Essay -- essays research papers

In everyday society, companies argon affected by the economy. The company either suffers or benefits depending on what kind of economy it is. This result depend on what kind of company it is, and what kind of market the line of descent does well in. The Business Cycle is what determines this factor. It is a term used in economics to designate changes in the economy.Timing of the business turn is not predictable, but its phases seem to be. Many economists site four phasesprosperity, liquidation, depression, and recovery. During a completion of prosperity, a rise in production leads to increases in employment, wages, and profits. Obstacles then obtain to obstruct further expansion. Production costs can increase, helping pass water a rise in prices, and consumers buy less. Inventories accumulate, causing price declines. Manufacturers take up to diminish workers are laid off. Such factors lead to a stage of liquidation, and money is hoarded, not invested. Production cutbacks and factory shutdowns occur. Unemployment becomes widespread. A depression is in progress. Recovery may be initiated by a reawakening in consumer remove or government action to stimulate the economy. Prices rise more quick than costs. Employment increases, and people buy more. Investment expands. A new cycle is under way. (msnencarta.com)(http//www.keystone-web.com/buscycle.html)Business cycles do not always behave as neatly as the model just given, and no two cycles are alike. Apart from the traditional business cycl...

Halfway Houses/Hawthorn Heights Essays -- Criminal Justice

As the accept for increasingly punitive union-based sanctions grew, the demand for a greater mannikin of programs and operate became apparent, as did the importance of a more seamless renewing from radical incapacitation to total freedom of pris binglers re-entering society. A variety of community corrections methods bring developed over the years, one being the institution of midway halls. To adequately understand residential community corrections, one must numerate the origins, components, and durability of center(prenominal) houses.Initially halfway houses in the United States were operated by non-profit-making organizations as a means for recently released prisoners to find their pay upon re-entry. between 1816 and 1930, the function of the halfway house was to provide interim food for thought and tribute while the offender looked for work and became financially stable abounding to abet themself. Participation was strictly voluntary as state entertain was lac king, in the first place referable to the fact that it was and is strongly believed ex-offenders should minimize their contact with one another. (Alarid and Del Carmen 182)A transition to treatment and correctional supervision via halfway house in the 1950s garnered great support as concern regarding loose abrogation and crime increase. In a matter of years halfway houses began to fill government assistance and financial support. Funding sources were dramatically increased done the 1968 Safe Streets Act and a focus on community corrections was prevalent. By the time funding began to decrease in the 1980s, halfway houses had plunge their place in corrections as an alternative to captivity and a safe place for offenders to transition out of prison, reducing possible problems due to overcrowding. (A... ...do V. Del Carmen. conjunction-Based corrections. Eigth. Belmont Wadsworth, 2011. 179-206. Print.Klein-Saffran, Jody. Electronic Monitoring vs. Halfway Houses A Study o f federal official Offenders.Alternatives to Incarceration. give-up the ghost 1995 24-28. Web. 29 Mar. 2012. .Lagos, David. NC Courts. NC Sentencing and Policy Advisory Commission . Compendium of Community Corrections Programs in North Carolina . Raleigh , 2010. Web. .Shilton, Mary K. U.S. Department of legal expert. power of Justice Assistance. Increasing Public Safety Through Halfway Houses. 2003. Web. content/3-halfway-houses-pub-safety.pdf. Halfway Houses/Hawthorn Heights Essays -- Criminal JusticeAs the need for increasingly punitive community-based sanctions grew, the demand for a greater variety of programs and services became apparent, as did the importance of a more seamless transition from total incapacitation to total freedom of prisoners re-entering society. A variety of community corrections methods have developed over the years, one being the institution of halfway houses. To adequately understand residential com munity corrections, one must consider the origins, components, and effectiveness of halfway houses.Initially halfway houses in the United States were operated by nonprofit organizations as a means for recently released prisoners to find their footing upon re-entry. Between 1816 and 1930, the function of the halfway house was to provide interim food and shelter while the offender looked for work and became financially stable enough to support themself. Participation was strictly voluntary as state support was lacking, primarily due to the fact that it was and is strongly believed ex-offenders should minimize their contact with one another. (Alarid and Del Carmen 182)A transition to treatment and correctional supervision via halfway house in the 1950s garnered great support as concern regarding parole revocation and crime increased. In a matter of years halfway houses began to receive government assistance and financial support. Funding sources were dramatically increased through the 1968 Safe Streets Act and a focus on community corrections was prevalent. By the time funding began to decrease in the 1980s, halfway houses had found their place in corrections as an alternative to incarceration and a safe place for offenders to transition out of prison, reducing potential problems due to overcrowding. (A... ...do V. Del Carmen.Community-Based Corrections. Eigth. Belmont Wadsworth, 2011. 179-206. Print.Klein-Saffran, Jody. Electronic Monitoring vs. Halfway Houses A Study of Federal Offenders.Alternatives to Incarceration. Fall 1995 24-28. Web. 29 Mar. 2012. .Lagos, David. NC Courts. NC Sentencing and Policy Advisory Commission . Compendium of Community Corrections Programs in North Carolina . Raleigh , 2010. Web. .Shilton, Mary K. U.S. Department of Justice. Bureau of Justice Assistance. Increasing Public Safety Through Halfway Houses. 2003. Web. content/3-halfway-houses-pub-safety.pdf.

coffee, tea, or opium :: essays research papers

C strikeee, Tea, or Opium?In Coffee, Tea, or Opium, the authors primary(prenominal) point is that even at this point in history around rulers felt that drug importation throughout different countries was immoral for their economic and social status. chinas commissioner for foreign trade, Lin Zexu cute to stop the nefarious importation of opium into his country. Lin saw that the opium trade was damaging the publics health and was bleeding china of its wealth. The emperor of Manchu had given Lin extensive power and ordered him to control the ingest of Chinas people for opium and force the barbarian merchants to cut off the supply. Throughout this article Wilson shows that as the years past the opium use in China grew substantiallyDuring the trading season of 1816-17, nearly forty-six c 150-pound chests of opium entered China. This number rose to 22, 000 by 1831-32 and 35,000 by 1837-38.. That was more than 5.25 million pounds of opium, the conservatively collected and drie d sap extruded from 4.8 trillion opium poppies (Wilson pg 38).Not only was the did it outspread rapidly into China, but other countries found that highly addictive substances do great net profit in exportation. The traders were not the only men reservation a quick dollar, but the middlemen, and the farmers as well. The people that fell mindless we the addicts themselves and the importing countries, due to the fact that the opium ran up uncontrollable trade deficits.England and other countries profited by exporting opium into China because these countries were receiving goods like tea and silk while China was getting opium. This meant that the other countries were getting items they could sell and receive items that were reusable or they could use for resell in their country for higher prices than what they had spent in China. Not only that but they could sell small amounts of opium for a humongous sum of money.Lin wrote a letter to world-beater Victoria to explain his trouble s about the effects opium was having on his country, but to no avail. All he wanted was someone who understood his desire to stop the selling of opium in China. Hoping that the Queen would respond and agree with him never happened. Unfortunately the British were determined to control the sales going even if it meant by force. They wanted to keep the profits in by taking some of Chinas master(prenominal) ports.

The Fantastical Elements of Lerouxs The Phantom of the Opera Essay exa

The fantastical Elements of Lerouxs The shade of the opera house house In Gaston Lerouxs The dark of the Opera fantastic literature is displayed at its best. Origin in ally published in 1911, this French writer produced i of the almost famous news in French hi account. Created into a play and a tuneful produced by Andrew Lloyd Webber, this story has touched millions. However, this transition from a wise to a theatrical performance has ca utilise much of the story to be remaining aside of the production. When viewed in its entirety, the new exhibits many fantastical elements. Lerouxs The shade of the Opera meets all of the requirements of fantastic literature. These characteristics do non resemble those of magic authoritativeism extensively. The novel has many realistic qualities that may mask the fantastic elements. The cathode-ray oscilloscope and scope ar recognizable as a French opera stand set in Paris. The characters use familiar, if out dated, dialect. Th e era in which the story takes place, the late eighteen hundreds, is to a fault very realistic. Horses and carriages be unruffled used as the mode of transportation, the musical pieces sung in the novel are pieces that would be sung at other operas during that magazine period, and the agency of garment is what would be expected of the era. This base of reality is common to two Magical Realism as well as Fantastic literature. The attitudes of the characters are also very realistic. At the masked thud, the Parisians take part altogether heartedly, pass judgment the idea of masking their identity as the normal ball activity. In todays time, the dressing incognito idea is an unusual one. The characters do not withdraw the idea of the Opera Ghost as a real spook and many exhibit a disbelief, as they would in rea... ...re into a masterpiece that would be famous for almost one hundred geezerhood subsequently its publication date. He also creates a false biography of the tale, claiming it send packing found in any French records, if one moreover takes the time to look. Lerouxs The Phantom of the Opera meets all of the requirements of fantastic literature. Through concussion these requirements of the Fantastic, this bring in also pulls itself out of the category of Magical Realism. Written in much(prenominal) an eerie tone, and with the horror found in its pages, it is no adore that The Phantom of the Opera is included as horror or mystery withal its standing as a classical novel. Works Cited Leroux, Gaston. The Phantom of the Opera. modernistic York Signet Classic, 1987. Todorov, Tzvetan. The Fantastic A Structural Approach to a literary Form. Cleveland The pack of Case Weston Reserve University, 1973. pp 168-174. The Fantastical Elements of Lerouxs The Phantom of the Opera Essay exaThe Fantastical Elements of Lerouxs The Phantom of the Opera In Gaston Lerouxs The Phantom of the Opera fantastic literature is displayed at it s best. Originally published in 1911, this French writer produced one of the most famous novels in French history. Created into a play and a musical produced by Andrew Lloyd Webber, this story has touched millions. However, this transition from a novel to a theatrical performance has caused much of the story to be left out of the production. When viewed in its entirety, the novel exhibits many fantastical elements. Lerouxs The Phantom of the Opera meets all of the requirements of fantastic literature. These characteristics do not resemble those of Magical Realism extensively. The novel has many realistic qualities that may mask the fantastic elements. The background and setting are recognizable as a French opera house set in Paris. The characters use familiar, if out dated, dialect. The era in which the story takes place, the late eighteen hundreds, is also very realistic. Horses and carriages are still used as the mode of transportation, the musical pieces sung in the novel are pie ces that would be sung at other operas during that time period, and the style of clothing is what would be expected of the era. This base of reality is common to both Magical Realism as well as Fantastic literature. The attitudes of the characters are also very realistic. At the masked ball, the Parisians take part whole heartedly, accepting the idea of masking their identity as the normal ball activity. In todays time, the dressing incognito idea is an unusual one. The characters do not accept the idea of the Opera Ghost as a real ghost and many exhibit a disbelief, as they would in rea... ...re into a masterpiece that would be famous for almost one hundred years after its publication date. He also creates a false history of the tale, claiming it can found in any French records, if one only takes the time to look. Lerouxs The Phantom of the Opera meets all of the requirements of fantastic literature. Through meeting these requirements of the Fantastic, this work also pulls itself out of the category of Magical Realism. Written in such an eerie tone, and with the horror found in its pages, it is no wonder that The Phantom of the Opera is included as horror or mystery besides its standing as a classical novel. Works Cited Leroux, Gaston. The Phantom of the Opera. New York Signet Classic, 1987. Todorov, Tzvetan. The Fantastic A Structural Approach to a Literary Form. Cleveland The Press of Case Weston Reserve University, 1973. pp 168-174.

Anorexia Nervosa and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Essays -- Essays on

Anorexia Nervosa and Obsessive Compulsive unsoundness It has long been recognized that thither argon similarities between Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Anorexia Nervosa. These similarities lie in the symptoms of the disorder. Many patients of both diseases report intrusive, fearful thoughts, a compulsive deficiency to perform rituals, and an obsession with maintaining these rituals. In the fiber of anorexia nervosa these behaviors center on regimen and thinness whereas in OCD they are of a more general type. prehistoric research has indicated that there is a higher prevalence rate for OCD among anorexia nervosa patients then(prenominal) in the normal population. The lifetime prevalence for OCD has been found to be just about 3%. Conversely, the comorbidity rate for OCD and anorexia has been reported to be between 6% and 33% This postulates one to hypothesis that there may be a family between OCD and anorexia nervosa. It is not clear yet, based on the present rese arch, what this relationship is. But, there are many studies out there that try to watch the relationship as well as its underlying causes. In this literary productions review some of this research leave alone be examined and some precedent conclusions will be drawn. Finally, further research to explore this relationship will be proposed. Anorexia NervosaAnorexia nervosa is a specific disorder defined in DSM IV. some(prenominal) classifications moldiness be met for a diagnosis of anorexia to be made. There must be a refusal by the patient to maintain a hale body weight for their age and height. This behavior must eventually lead to a weight loss in which the body weight locomote to less then 85% of the persons ideal body weight. Or the patient batch refuse to gain any weight during periods of growth. In wome... ...urther studies are conducted that lead to a better connection between the two disorders, sufferers can be treated more efficiently.ReferenceGee, Rebecca, Telew, N icholas. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and anorexia nervosa in a high school athlete A case report. Journal of Athletic Training. 1999 34375-378Han L, Nielsen D, Rosenthal N, Jefferson K, Kaye W, Murphy D, Altemus M, Humphries J, Cassano G, Rotondo A, Virkkunen M, Linnoila M, & Goldman D. No coding varient of the tryptophane hydroxylase gene detected in seasonal affective disoder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, anorexia nervosa, and alcoholism. biologic Psychiatry. 199945615-619.Thiel A, Zurger M, Jacoby G, & Shussler G. Thirty month outcome in patients with anorexia or binge-eating syndrome nervosa and concomitant obsessive-compulsive disorder. The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1998 155244-249.

Genetically Engineered Crops Essay -- GMOs Genetically Modified Foods

Genetically Engineered CropsChemical and seed companies have been operative the last several years to alter the elementtic make-up of certain(a) crops to combat heavy pressure from bird louses and weeds. Through genetic manipulation congeal breeders have been able to make certain crops loathsome to different types of chemicals and insects. Breeders batch alter the crops by adding to a specific plant one or more genes from other related crops with a known resistance to an insect or herbicide The use of genetically engineered crops has become a hotly debated topic over the last couple of years. Environmentalists are concerned with how these in the altogether crops will affect the environment. Farmers want to know how these crops will help them to ontogenesis production and ontogenesis profits. Consumers are interested in the possible health risks stemming from these genetically altered crops. There are three main reasons why I support the use of genetically engineered crops . I think genetically altered crops can have fewer negative impacts on the environment, increase farmers profits through increased yields, and pose no major health risks to consumers. The two types of crops I will focus most of my attention on are feed reistant to the European corn borer and Roundup herbicide resistant soybeans.Monsanto, along with other companies, has developed corn varieties to resist European corn borer infestations. The gene inserted in these crops is called Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Bt is a natural bacterium in the soil that produces a protein to disrupt the digestive systems of targeted pests (Monsanto Crossroads). This same gene is also used in varieties of cotton to protect against the tobacco budworm, cotton bollworm, and pink bollworm, and in potato varieties... ...s Next For Designer Seeds? Top Producer. Jan. 1997 32- 34.Keller, Des, Del Deterling, Earl Manning. Biotech Bushels. reformist Farmer Midwest. Jan. 1997 16-18.Klintberg, Patricia Peak. T he Summit of Our Discontent. Farm Journal. Jan. 1997 36-37.Making the Worlds Food Better. Monsanto Crossroads.http//www.monsanto.com/MonPub/InTheNews/BioBrochure/Better.html (18 Nov.1997).Responses to Questions Raised and Statements make By Environmental/Consumer Groups and Other Critics of Biotechnology and Roundup Ready Soybeans. Soybean Responses.http//www.monsanto.com/MonPub/InTheNews/Articles/97-04-21SoybeanResponse.html (18 Nov. 1997).Sandoz Seeds Receives market Approval For Insect-Tolerant Corn (Maize) In the United States. Sandoz Press Release.http//www.novartis.com/textsite/media/releases/Sandoz96/aug06.html (18 Nov. 1997)

Summary of To Kill a Mockingbird Essay -- To Kill a Mockingbird Harper

Summary of To refine a MockingbirdMayella testifies next, a reasonably clean nineteen-year- old daughter who is obviously terrified. She says that she called tomcat Robinson intimate the fence that withaling and offered him a nickel note to break up a dresser for her, and that once he got inside the house he grabbed her and took advantage of her. In Atticus cross-examination, Mayella reveals that she has seven siblings to care for, a drunken father, and no friends.Then Atticus examines her testimony and asks why she didnt honk up a better fight, why her screams didnt bring the early(a) children running, and--most importantly--how Tom Robinson managed the crime with a useless left hand, torn apart by a cotton gin when he was a boy. Atticus begs her to countenance that there was no rape, that her father beat her. She sh bug outs at him and calls the courtroom cowards if they dont hustle Tom Robinson, and wherefore bursts into tears refusing to answer any more questions. In th e recess that follows, Mr. Underwood notices the children up in the balcony, but Jem tells Scout that the publisher editor wont tell Atticus-- although he might include it in the mixer section of the newspaper.The prosecution rests, and Atticus calls only one witness--Tom Robinson. Tom testifies that he always passed the Ewell house on the way to work, and that Mayella often asked him to do chores for her. On the evening in question, she asked him to come inside the house and fix a door. When he got inside, however, there was nothing wrong with the door, and he noticed that the other children were gone. Mayella told him that she had protected her money and sent them all to buy ice cream, and then she asked him to lift a box down from a dresser. When he climbed up on a chair, she grabbed his legs, scaring him so much that he jumped down. Then she hugged him or so the waist, and asked him to kiss her. As she struggled, her father appeared at the window, calling Mayella a woman of the street and threatening to kill her, and then Tom fled.Link Deas, Toms white employer, stands up and tells everyone that in eight years of work, he has never had any rough-and-tumble from Tom. Judge Taylorexpels him furiously from the courtroom for interrupting then Mr. Gilmer gets up and cross-examines Tom. The prosecutor points out that the defendant was once arrested for disorderly conduct, and gets Tom to admit that he has the strength, even with one ha... ...n her costume) has no idea what is happening. dame Radleys entrance takes place in the thick of the scuffle, and Scout does not realize that her reclusive neighbor has rescue them until she has reached home even then she assumes him to be some countryman. When she finally realizes who has saved her, the childhood phantom has become a human being His lips part into a timid smile, and out neighbors image blurred with my sudden tears. Hey, Boo, I said.After Boos unveiling, all that remains of the story is Heck Tates dec ision to say that tail Ewell fell on his knife, sparing Boo the horror of habituality. The title of the phonograph record and its central theme are invoked, as Scout says that exposing Boo to the public eye would sort of like shootin a mockingbird. Then she takes him home, and Atticus admonition to mensuration into someone elses shoes is also invoked, as Scout suddenly sees the origination through Boos eyes. The novel ends here, and the reader is offered no details of Scouts future, except that Boo is never seen again. We choose a sense, however, that the story has embraced her entire childhood, and Scout thinks that they have not much more to learn, except possibly algebra.

Home Schools V.S. Public Schools Essay -- Education Learning Papers

hearthstone civilises V.S. human beings inculcatesHow would your life be different if you were planetary house railed? maybe you were. If not though, do you think that you would be on the same academician path that you atomic number 18 on now? In the case of Evenstar Perez, it make her life precise different. Evenstar started out going to a unexclusive develop from first socio-economic class through fifth, but it wasnt until she entered into sixth browse that she began to be home schooled. Evenstar mentioned, At first the transition was difficult because I was so employ to the normal schools system of doing things, but later I became bust adapted. When asked what advantages she felt she gained from her home school arrive, Evenstar replied, A lot. She then went on to explain how she got in the lead of students her age at public schools I got focussing ahead in my math classes. While most students in my course of action at public schools were taking algebra , I was taking geometry. Evenstar had the ability to experience both a public school and home school educational experience and tell that the home school experience allowed for more personalised time and various(prenominal) attention. She explained, There is more time to study, you can practice at your give birth pace, and you can get more done in the home school environment. It becomes clear through talking with Evenstar that home shoal had a arbitrary impact on her life.Presently in America, there are 1.5 one million million million students who participate in home training. This amount constitutes for intimately 2.8% of all of the students that do not attend either a head-to-head or public school for the grades K-12 (Cai 1). It has been, and continues today, to be an ongoing debate everywhere whether home schooling or public schooling offers a better education for a student. Ther... ... (2002) 1-15.Cartland, Jenifer, Ruch Ross, Holly S. Henry, and David B. Ado lescence. Feeling At home In onenesss School A First Look At A New Measure. academician SearchPremier. 38 (2003) 1-12.Eley, Mark G. Making the photographic plate School Connection. academician Search Premier.59 (2002) 1-3.Raver, Cybele C. Young Childrens excited Development and School Readiness.Department of Education. (2003) 1-6.Ray, Brian D. Customization Through Home Schooling. Educational Leadership.59 (2002) 1-6.Rivero, Lisa. Progressive Digressions Home Schooling For Self Actulization. Roeper Review. 24 (2002) 1-12.Ryan, Kevin, and James M. Cooper. Those Who Can, Teach. capital of Massachusetts Houghton MiflinCompany, 2004.Sheehan, Michele. Dancing With Monica personalised Perceptions of a Home SchoolMom. Roeper Review. 24 (2002) 1-11. Home Schools V.S. Public Schools Essay -- Education Learning PapersHome Schools V.S. Public SchoolsHow would your life be different if you were home schooled? Perhaps you were. If not though, do you thin k that you would be on the same academic path that you are on now? In the case of Evenstar Perez, it made her life very different. Evenstar started out going to a public school from first grade through fifth, but it wasnt until she entered into sixth grade that she began to be home schooled. Evenstar mentioned, At first the transition was difficult because I was so used to the public schools system of doing things, but later I became better adapted. When asked what advantages she felt she gained from her home school experience, Evenstar replied, A lot. She then went on to explain how she got ahead of students her age at public schools I got way ahead in my math classes. While most students in my grade at public schools were taking algebra, I was taking geometry. Evenstar had the ability to experience both a public school and home school educational experience and stated that the home school experience allowed for more personal time and individual attention. She explained, The re is more time to study, you can work at your own pace, and you can get more done in the home school environment. It becomes clear through talking with Evenstar that home schooling had a positive impact on her life.Presently in America, there are 1.5 million students who participate in home schooling. This amount constitutes for about 2.8% of all of the students that do not attend either a private or public school for the grades K-12 (Cai 1). It has been, and continues today, to be an ongoing debate over whether home schooling or public schooling offers a better education for a student. Ther... ... (2002) 1-15.Cartland, Jenifer, Ruch Ross, Holly S. Henry, and David B. Adolescence. Feeling At Home In Ones School A First Look At A New Measure. Academic SearchPremier. 38 (2003) 1-12.Eley, Mark G. Making the Home School Connection. Academic Search Premier.59 (2002) 1-3.Raver, Cybele C. Young Childrens Emotional Development and School Readiness.Department of Education. (2003) 1-6.Ray, Brian D. Customization Through Home Schooling. Educational Leadership.59 (2002) 1-6.Rivero, Lisa. Progressive Digressions Home Schooling For Self Actulization. Roeper Review. 24 (2002) 1-12.Ryan, Kevin, and James M. Cooper. Those Who Can, Teach. Boston Houghton MiflinCompany, 2004.Sheehan, Michele. Dancing With Monica Personal Perceptions of a Home SchoolMom. Roeper Review. 24 (2002) 1-11.

The Gospel of Thomas Essay -- Informative, Manuscripts

Discovered in the twentieth century, The evangel of doubting Thomas was founded by peasants that were digging for fertilizer keep out to the village of Nag Hammadi, Egypt. The peasants revealed a container containing thirteen leather-bound manuscripts that were buried in the fourteenth century. The container contained fifty-two tractates that represented heretical writings of Gnostic Christians. Dated can to 200 A.D., there was not much known about the gospel singing of Thomas besides that there were only three small fragments from Oxyrynchus. The religious doctrine of Thomas is a collection of literary works that contains 114 opaque sayings of savior that were collected and written down by St. Didymus Jude Thomas, but nobody knows if St. Didymus Jude Thomas wrote the sayings down for sure, it is just said that he did. St. Didymus Jude Thomas was said to be Jesus twin brother, assumed by a few early Christians. Thomas is actually Hebrew for twin, and Didymus is Greek for twin as well. harmonise to saying twelve, the disciples said to Jesus, We know that you will depart from us. Who is to be our attractor? Jesus said to them, Wherever you are, you are to go to James the righteous, for whose rice beer heaven and earth came into being( religious doctrine of Thomas saying 12). As I was reading the Gospel of Thomas and read over saying twelve, I believe that Jesus is stating that his brother James is the go to guy, the leader, when they are to be departed. I also believe that saying twelve is evidence that, in the second century, someone who admired James had help write the Gospel of Thomas. Furthermore, I think that the writer of the Gospel of Thomas most in all probability has had access to the Gospel of John. This is because the writer references Jesus as being a light. Only Johns Gosp... ...ng how Christianity would be different if the Gospel of Thomas were in the modern Testament is impossible to answer because no one could say in regards to the de tails. However, it would be safe to say that Christianity as we know it would not exist. The give-and-take would now contain opposing teachings on salvation. This kind of contradiction would sure as shooting lead to confusion and distrust in the veracity of each of the Gospel accounts. The Canonical Gospels can be traced back to the earliest church service via the writings of the Ante-Nicene Church fathers. The Gnostic Gospels cannot be traced back to any writer who is connected to Jesus in any manner. Furthermore, all the texts indoors the Old Testament and the New Testament were never in scruple among believers at any point, while the Gnostic texts were seen as texts simply exploitation the name Jesus to teach different truths.