Evaluating ICT Use in Teaching Dyslexic Students in the Mainstream Dissertation - 1

Evaluating ICT Use in Teaching Dyslexic Students in the Mainstream Primary Schools in Saudi Arabia - Dissertation Example 4Study Sample 40 3. 5Ethics 40 3. 6Administration of the Questionnaire 42 3. 7Conclusion 42 Chapter 4: Result and Analysis 43 4.1.Introduction 43 4.2.Response Rate 43 4.3.Characteristics of the Study Sample (Demographic Data) 44 4..2.1.1Academic Qualifications 44 4..2.2.1Major 45 4..2.3.1Minor Major 46 4..2.4.1Teaching Experience 47 4..2.5.1ICT Training 48 60 4.4.Discussion 83 Chapter 6 Conclusion 88 6.1Achievements of the Study 88 6.2Implications for practice 88 6.3Strengths and weaknesses in the study 91 6.4Implications for further research 92 References 94 Abstract Since the introduction of computers in schools in 1970s the role of computers has progressed form tutor to topic to tool. Today, information and computer technology (ICT) has far reaching implications in every sphere of life. Education and learning process have achieved new dimensions with the integration of ICT in the process. It is of special significance for teaching of children with special needs since these student s are characterized by deficits that have adverse impacts on their academic performance. Among the learning disabilities, one of the major causes of concern is dyslexia due to its high prevalence and multivariant manifestation and is characterized by marked reading disability. Use of ICT based intervention strategies have shown potential for overcoming these deficits. Integration of ICT to learning renders the teacher training for ICT imperative. The current study attempts to investigate the availability and integration of ICT resources for the education of regular and dyslexic students in Saudi Arabia and the perceptions of teachers regarding its efficacy for the purpose. The study involved participants from primary schools of Riyadh, KSA who were provided questionnaires comprising of close ended questions on their educational qualifications, experience and ICT training; use and availability of ICT related hardware and software; and their opinion regarding the efficacy and obstacle s in the use of ICT. Significant results from the quantitative research proved a positive correlation existed between ICT training and efficacy of ICT as an educational tool; thus indicating the importance of teacher training in influencing teachers’ perception and usage of ICT. ICT AND DYSLEXIA For people without disabilities, technology makes things convenient; for people with disabilities†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦it makes things POSSIBLE. (Treviranus, 2000) Chapter 1: Introduction This chapter introduces use of information and communication technology (ICT) for education of students with dyslexia and the importance of study of various aspects of dyslexia for an individual as well as a teacher. In order to achieve this aim, the chapter attempts to outline the rationale behind the study, followed by an update on special education status with special attention to Saudi Arabia as the researcher’s country of residence as well as United Kingdom (UK); researcher residing in UK for the major part of the research process. Finally the chapter outlines the aims of the research along with the various objectives followed to achieve the aims. 1.1 Introduction The last two decades have witnessed tremendous advances in information and c

Accreditation Audit Essay Example for Free

Accreditation Audit Essay With all of the possible problems that could occur during surgery, a wrong-site, wrong-patient mistake is one that should never arise. Nightingale Community Hospital (NCH) fully understands the importance of doing away with these errors and has set up protocol to work towards this goal. While the protocol is in place, it is not fully compliant with Joint Commission (JC) standards. Standard: UP.01.01.01: Conduct a preprocedure verification process. Nightingale Community Hospital has a Site Identification and Verification policy and procedure. Within this policy, and Preoperative/Preprocedure Verification Process is addressed. There is also a Preprocedure Hand-Off form present. This form is a bit misleading as it is essentially a hand-off form in general with a few extra boxes possible for check-off. To prepare for inspection and audit, NCH should create and implement a form for use within the Operating Theater or wherever procedures are performed, such as bedside procedures. This form needs to be more specific in addressing at least the minimum requirements by JC. The form needs to cite that all relevant documentation is present, such as signed consent form, nursing assessment, preanesthesia assessment, history and physical. The form also needs to specify that the necessary diagnostic and radiology test results, rather they be images and scans, or biopsy reports, and properly displayed and labeled. Finally, to fulfill the minimum requirements by JC, any and all required blood products, implants, devices, and special equipment needs to be labeled and matched to the patient. Standard: UP.01.02.01: Mark the procedure site. NCH covers the procedure site marking standard fairly well within their Site Identification and Verification Policy. It mentions that site marking is needed for those cases involving laterality, multiple structures, or levels. Several times in their policy NCH mentions that it is best to have the patient involved, if at all possible. If the patient is unable to mark the site, the policy states that the physician will be called to mark the site. The policy states that the mark shall be made in permanent black marker so it will remain visible after skin preparation, and also in a location that will remain visible after sterile draping is in place. The policy also  includes circumstances in which the marking will be unable to be performed based on the location of the surgery being in an area that is unable to be marked. Standard: UP.01.03.01: A time-out is performed before the procedure. Nightingale Community Hospital has an adequate procedure in place for the time-out performance. Within the Site Identification and Verification Policy, the Time-Out Procedure complies with JC standards. A time-out is to be conducted immediately prior to performance of the procedure, it is initiated by the nurse or technologist, it involves all personnel involved in the procedure, the team members agree to a minimum of patient identity, correct site, and correct procedure to be performed, and all of this information is documented in the record, including those involved and the duration of the time-out. The only issue not addressed fully is the possibility of multiple procedures occurring on the same patient by different practitioners, and in that case, an additional time-out needs to be done for every new procedure. The Communication priority focus area is an extremely important area for any hospital. This is a common sense area that should be able to reach complete compliance. A wrong-patient, wrong-site issue should never arise and is completely avoidable. In 2010, Joint Commission reported that wrong-patient/site surgeries continued to be the most frequently reported sentinel event(Spath 2011).Jay Arthur states that JC reports between four and six wrong-site surgeries per day(2011). The World Health Organization believes that at least 500,000 deaths per year could be prevented if the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist was correctly implemented. These numbers, when compared with the possibility of 100% compliance, are astounding and completely avoidable. Nightingale Community Hospital is well on their way to avoiding these types of sentinel events through usages of proper protocol, procedures, and policy as is seen by the upward trend from their last year of self-checks. With continued diligence and appropriate modifications made, this can be an area that NCH, and any other hospital can be fully compliant in. References Arthur, J. (2011). Lean six sigma for hospitals: Simple steps to fast, affordable, flawless healthcare. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Spath, P. L. (2011). Error reduction in health care: A systems approach to improving patient safety (2nd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Jossy-Bass. WHO (2013). WHO | Safe surgery saves lives. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/patientsafety/safesurgery/en/ [Last Accessed November 5, 2013].

Antony Flew: The Existence and Belief Of God Essay -- Philosopher Anto

Antony Flew: The Existence and Belief of God Antony Flew starts by telling the audience this story of two explorers that accidentally came upon a garden in a jungle. In this garden, there were many beautiful flowers and weeds. One explorer says, "some gardener must tend this plot". While the other disagrees, "there is no gardener". So, these two explorers tried to figure out who was right and who was wrong. They waited the whole night, but no gardener was ever seen. Then the "Believer" said that there must be a gardener, that he "is an invisible gardener". He tried everything he could to convince to the "Sceptic" that he was right, barbed-wire, electrifying fence, patrolling bloodhounds. But no gardener was ever found. Still the "Believer" was not convinced. He gave the "Sceptic" many excuses as to why they couldn't see the gardener. The "Sceptic" told him that he was crazy because what started out as a simple assertion that there was a gardener, turned into "an imaginary gardener".   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This parable that Flew is using is clearly an analogy to the existence and belief of God. The garden represents God, "†¦invisible, intangible, insensible†¦". The "Sceptic" says there is no gardener, just as an atheist denies the existence God. The "Believer" says there is a gardener, like a theist telling everyone that God exists. The "Believer" tries to prove that there was a planter, who planted the seeds for the flowers to grow. This planter takes care of them, a parallelism to God supposedly taking care of "us".   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Flew talks about assertions. He states that "what starts as an assertion, that something exists†¦may be reduced step by step to an altogether different status". He uses the example of how if one man were to talk about sexual behavior, "another man prefers to talk of Aphrodite". They don't seem to make sense. How can one confuse the idea of a sexual behavior with Aphrodite? He also points out the fact that "a fine brash hypothesis may be killed by inches, the death of a thousand qualifications". A good example of this is when he said that "God loves us as a father loves his children". He states that when we see a child dying of cancer, his "earthy father" is there, to help him, nurture him, trying his best for his son. But his "Heavenly Father", God, is no where to be found, that he "reveals no obvious sign of concern". The... ...arden in which I find myself, that I am unable to share the explorers' detachment," said Hare. He tried to point out that if he was in the same situation, he would not share the same views as the explorers. Which is a belief in the g ardener, a belief in God. Both of these man had some strong viewpoints. Flew states, if one asserts something, then one must deny something. What Hare is trying to say is that, there is two sides to every idea or "assertions", a blik. That that is a sane blik and a insane blik. Most people have the sane one and those who don't share this view is point as lunatics. But no one is not trying to deny something here. The person with the insane blik is not wrong or that he's not trying to deny something, it's just that his views are different. Flew states, "what would have to occur or to have occurred to constitute for you a disproof of the love of, or of the existence of, God?" Hare's reply to this question is that he calls this "completely victorious." Nothing have to occur because those who does not share this belief in God have an insane blik. They are not trying to deny that God doesn't but rather that they views are just different.

Dr King vs Dalai Lama

Upon comparing Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Dalai Lama it becomes apparent that the two share many similar doctrines and beliefs. Although they come from two totally different backgrounds it seems as though their overall goals and dreams coincide. The most striking similarity is that both men advocated/advocate for peace and nonviolent solutions to problems. While they may have approached matters differently the goal was the same. Analyzing both men one begins to see that they are admired by so many people because of their philosophies. Dr. King said, â€Å"†¦ the nonviolent resister does not seek to humiliate or defeat the opponent but to win his friendship and understanding. † In comparison, Dalai Lama said, â€Å"Real peace is not just the absence of violence or war†¦. A mere absence of war is not genuine lasting world peace. Peace must develop on mutual trust. † Looking at only these two quotes one can see the likeness of thought the two men shared. Dr. King crusaded for civil rights for African Americans, while Dalai Lama is an advocate for the liberation of Tibet. In both situations oppression is/was trying to be wiped out, due to environment and upbringing there are contrasts in the facets the men explored to achieve their goals. Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyasto, was born July 6th 1935 in Takster, Amdo in northeastern Tibet. He came from humble beginnings in farming village and lived with his family in a small hamlet. At the age of two he was deemed the reincarnation of the 13th Dalai Lama and his education began at age six. Studying logic, Tibetan art and culture, Sanskrit, medicine, and Buddhist philosophy Dalai Lama proved to be a good student. At the age of twenty three he took his final exam and passed with flying colors, he received multiple honours and received the Geshe Lharampa degree in Leadership responsibilities (This is the highest degree in Tibet and is equivalent to a doctorate). Dr. King was born January 15th 1929 in Atlanta Georgia to Martin Luther King Sr. and Alberta Williams King.

Brain Blast! Factors Affecting Retention

Brain Blast! Factors Affecting Retention BY hypoactive Chapter I Statement of the problem: The different factors affecting retention of fourth year students of Vulcan Ecumenical School Three Specific Questions: Why do some people have a better memory than others? ; How do we remember? ; and Why do we forget? Significance of the Study: To widen the knowledge of the readers about retention; Alms to show different ways on how one can have a better retention; This study Is to benefit students especially those from Vulcan Ecumenical School Scope and Limitation This study mainly focuses on the senior students of Vulcan Ecumenical School.The articles gathered here are a combination of local and foreign literature. Chapter II Review of Related Literature Presented In this chapter Is a synthesis of facts that support the topic the researchers would want to prove. Included in the chapter is the definition of memory, parts of the brain that are in charge on remembering and forgetting, connectiv ity of the brain, a deeper understanding on autobiographical and semantic memory, long term and short term memory, how and why people remember and forget, the reason why some people have a better memory than others and some methods on how one can Improve his/her memory.Local Literature According to Alfonse M. Albany of Philippine star, the human brain weighing roughly one-and-a-half kilos, with a volume more or less half that of a medium-sized coconut, with its about 100 billion neurons, each with some 10,000 interconnections, is probably the most complex structure that we know. Yet, that structural complexity hardly begins to hint at the incredible variety and the enormity of its functions. Surely, this is a case of a whole that is vastly greater than the sum of its parts.Albany said that the brain is the seat of our consciousness and of our emotions, the repository of our memories. It synthesizes and analyses our sensory inputs, decides what behavioral responses are appropriate or necessary to promote our continued survival. And when parts of it fail to perform properly, we are burdened with depression, or schizophrenia, or Alchemist's diseases, or other such debilitating disorders. The ancient Greek physician Hippocrates put it well: â€Å"Men ought to know that from nothing else but the brain come Joys, delights, laughter and sports, and sorrows, grieves, despondency, and lamentations. No wonder the brain has been the subject of intense scientific scrutiny's for a very long time. A currently active area of study concerns the â€Å"connectivity† of the brain. Physiologists distinguish â€Å"structural† or â€Å"anatomical† connectivity from â€Å"functional† connectivity and both from â€Å"effective† connectivity. The first merely means the physical connections between groups of neurons 1 . The second refers to correlated behaviors of different brain regions. The last involves the transfer of information from one region to another, possibly affecting the behavior of the latter ? a causal connection 2.Our Marvelous Brains On one of the articles of Koruna Sanchez she wrote that because of the amount of information that the human brain receives everyday, a sort of built-in filter kicks in to only allow those that seem important. Otherwise the brain would literally heat up and burn out faster than we would want it to. A good example was when a portrait of the famous Mona Lisa was shown to several persons, they all failed to notice a OF in the background, which of course is not in the original painting.Because we know, or supposed to know what the Mona Lisa looks like, we don't look at other details anymore. Misdirection's is another way to distract the brain. So many examples of seduction were shown, which is the bread and butter of a good magician or illusionist, and yes, even con artists and criminals. Your brain is made to focus on something while ignoring everything else. Watching a basketball bein g passed several times among players while totally ignoring a gorilla that walks among them. And this is what criminals like pickpockets master.That little bump on the shoulder is enough to distract you while they go after your wallet or purse. Or using beautiful women to get the attention of gullible men. You know the rest. Foreign Literature 1. Definition of memory According to lucid research. Mom, the human memory is a complex activity of the brain that allows us to store information and retrieve it again when we need it. There are two discrete memory systems: A system that keeps a record of our personal life experiences is usually called Autobiographical memory. A system that holds the knowledge about the world is called Semantic memory.It is possible for one system to work better than the other because these two work in somewhat different ways. For example, a student might have a good autobiographical memory and recall in detail everything about an event, but a poor semantic me mory o failing to remember things that need to be learned in school. Both memory systems can store information from all our senses – vision, hearing, smell, taste, touch – but in semantic memory visual and auditory-verbal modes of information usually predominate, unless another mode was particularly important.For example, a perfume maker would have a very well-developed semantic memory for doors. 2. Get to know your Brain Parts of the brain that is in charge of remembering and forgetting: The Cortex As said by Dry. Paul Nassau, the Cortex 5 is the outer covering of the brain. It is a word that translates to mean â€Å"bark of a tree†. This is one part of the brain that is responsible for your most complicated thinking abilities. Your memory, language, personality, intentional motor skills, spatial ability and visual perception are all controlled by the Cortex.The Medial Section of the Brain This part tends to be older and more primitive. These are responsible fo r controlling drives, impulses, fears, instincts, emotions, reflexes, subconscious processes and automatic behaviors. Supporter The â€Å"Subcultures† are the deeper brain structures. This permits a smooth integration of information processing in the brain. 3. Short-term Memory According to Keener Cherry, Short-term memory is also known as primary or active memory. It is the information that comes from giving attention to sensory memories.Duration of short-term Memory: Most of the information stored in this memory usually last for approximately 20 to 30 seconds. While many of our short-term memories are quickly forgotten, attending to this situation allows it to continue on the next stage – Long-term memory. The Capacity of Short-term Memory: â€Å"The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two†, expert psychologist George Miller suggested that people can store between five and nine items. More recent research suggests that people are capable of storing approximate ly four chunks of information in short-term memory. . Long-term Memory According to Keener Cherry, Long-term memory refers to the continuing storage of information. The information is largely outside of our awareness, but can be called into working memory to be used when needed. Some of the information is easy to recall, while others are more difficult to access. Duration of Long-term Memory: Long-term memories can last for a matter of days to as long as many decades. Types of Long-Term Memory Long-term memory is usually divided into two types – declaratively (explicit) memory ND procedural (implicit) memory. Declarative includes all of the memories that are available in consciousness. Declarative memory can be further divided into episodic memory (specific events) and semantic memory (knowledge about the world). Procedural memory involves memories of body movement and how to use objects in the environment. How to drive a car or use a computer are examples of procedural memor ies. 5. A deeper understanding about Autobiographical and Semantic Memory According to human-memory. Net, Autobiographical or Episodic memory is a memory system consisting of experiences recollected from an individual's life.Individuals can see themselves as actors in these events, and the emotional charge and the entire situation surrounded by the event is usually part of the memory. On the other hand, Semantic memory is a more structured record of facts, meanings, concepts and knowledge about the external world that we have attained. As stated by Luke Mastic, semantic memory is generally derived from the episodic memory, in that we learn new facts or concepts from our experiences, and the episodic memory is considered to support and underpin semantic memory. 6. Why do we forget? Lucid research. M says that the human memory is a system which is intended to remember information as well as forget information. Generally, we only retain the information we need for as long as we need it , and then it is forgotten. The human brain is constantly bombarded with huge amount of knowledge, and even though the information storage capacity of the human brain is very large, if we store every single item of information that ever reached our senses from the moment we were born, our memory would totally be overloaded before we started school. The fact is: we simply do not need to retain most of the information we receive each day.We only need to preserve some of that information and can safely forget the rest. The trick is to make sure that the information we do need is stored properly in memory ready for memory for a short time provided we strive to keep it there (e. G. By thinking about it or by rehearsing it to ourselves). This process is called short-term memory or at times working memory because we use this when working on any activity, such as listening to a conversation. But unless we also make an active effort to store that information in long-term memory in a semantic form, it will be forgotten very rapidly.Once in long-term memory, information is reasonably permanent. However, if we don't use that information we are likely to find a difficult to access when we need it, and the information is not stored very efficiently, it will also be difficult to access. When we say we have forgotten some item of information what we really mean is either: (a) the information was never properly store in long-term memory in the first place, or (b) the information has been stored in long-term memory but we can't find it because it has been stored in an disorganized way and/or because we haven't used that information for ages. 7.How do we remember, and why do we forget? An article by Shish Uranus said that the notion of memory is so intriguing that we've come up with more metaphors for it than for any other mental phenomenon. Early theories predicted a memory â€Å"Ingram†24, a literal text written by the body to describe past experiences. Freud popularize d descriptions of repressed memories, experiences physically buried in the depths of the subconscious. Modern descriptions are dominated by analogies to computers, in which the human brain is a hard disk that stores experience in electronic files and folders. Our memory represents a change in who we are.Our habits, our ideologies, our hopes and fears are all influenced by what we remember in the past. At the most basic level, we remember because the connections between our brains' neurons change; each experience primes the brain for the next experience. 8. How does the Brain process information Chris McKee said that information processing starts with input from the sensory organs, which transform physical stimuli such as touch, heat, sound waves, or photons of light into electrochemical signals. The sensory information is repeatedly transformed by the algorithms of the brain in both bottom-up and top-down processing.For example, when looking at a picture of a black box on a white ba ckground, bottom-up processing puts together very simple information such as color, orientation, and where the borders of the object are – where the color changes significantly over a short space – to decide that you are seeing a box. Top-down processing uses the decisions made at some steps of the bottom-up process to speed up your recognition of the box. Top-down processing in this example might help you identify the object as a black box rather than a box-shaped hole in the white background.Once information is processed to a degree, an attention filter decides owe important the signal is and which cognitive processes it should be made available to. For example, although your brain processes every blade of grass when you look down at your shoes, a healthy attention filter prevents you from noticing them individually. In contrast, you might pick out your name, even when spoken in a noisy room. There are many stages of processing, and the results of processing are 9. W hy do some people have better memory than other people According to Joyce Ward, people vary in the efficiency of their long-term memory.Some have a good memory and some poor long-term memory. This is probably determined partly by hereditary. But research has shown that most of the difference between people with good and poor memory can be attributed to the methods they use to learn that information in the first place. By developing the appropriate memory strategies we automatically store information in a more organized and efficient way that makes it easier for us to locate when we need it. Despite individual differences in memory, research indicates that in most people memory can be improved significantly by appropriate training. His does not mean that we can enlarge the storage capacity of our memory, what it means is that we can make our Emory more efficient, so that it is more likely to absorb new information and hold that information in a way that makes it easy for us to find i t again immediately when we need it. In order for the brain to process information, it must first be stored. There are multiple types of memory, including sensory, working, and long-term. First, information is encoded. There are types of encoding specific to each type of sensory stimuli.For example, verbal input can be encoded structurally, referring to what the printed word looks like, phonemically, referring to what the word sounds like, or semantically, referring to what the word means. Once information is stored, it must be maintained. Some animal studies suggest that working memory, which stores information for roughly 20 seconds, is maintained by an electrical signal looping through a particular series of neurons for a short period of time. Information in long- term memory is hypothesized to be maintained in the structure of certain types of proteins. 0. Capacity of the Human Memory According to Robert Gonzales, the comparison between the human brain and a computer is not a pe rfect one, but it does lend itself to some interesting lines of inquiry. The capacity of an average human head varies, depending on who you ask. Some experts estimates it in as low as 1 terabyte or approximately 1000 gigabytes. The reason behind the 100-terabyte estimate still has its flaws. It assumes, for example, that each synapse store 1 byte of information. In reality, each one could conceivably store more or less than that. 1 1 .Improving the memory No. 1: Stay Mentally Active Just as physical activity helps keep your body in shape, mentally stimulating activities help keep your brain in shape. Do things that challenge your mind such as solving crossword puzzles and learning to play an instrument. No. 2: Socialize regularly Social interaction helps ward of depression and stress, both of which can contribute and other. No. 3: Get organized You are more likely to forget things if your home is cluttered and your notes are in not in order. No. 4: Focus Limit distractions, and don' t try to do many things at once.If you focus on the information that you're trying to remember, you'll be more likely to recall it later. Understanding – if we understand the information it will be easier for us to remember, and if we understand how memory works, it is easier to make it work well for us personally Practice – the more often one does an activity, the more likely he/she will member it- Memory Strategies – ways of processing information that will help a person remember well. Organization – this ensure that information is stored in a more meaningful and well-organized way which is easy for the brain to recall it. 2. Tips for enhancing your ability to learn and remember According to helped. Org, these are some ways on how one can enhance his/her ability to learn and remember. 0 Pay attention – You can't remember something if you never learned it, and you can't learn something?that is, encode it into your brain?if you don't pay enough att ention to it. It takes about eight seconds of intense focus to process a piece of information into your memory. If you're easily distracted, pick a quiet place where you won't be interrupted. Involve as many senses as possible.Try to relate information to colors, textures, smells, and tastes. The physical act of rewriting information can help imprint it onto your brain. Even if you're a visual learner, read out loud what you want to remember. Relate information to what you already know. Connect new data to information you already remember, whether it's new material that builds on previous knowledge, or something as simple as an dress of someone who lives on a street where you already know someone. For more complex material, focus on understanding basic ideas rather than memorizing isolated details.

Technology in the film Contact essays

Technology in the film Contact essays The film Contact addresses the complex question of whether extraterrestrial life exists. In the beginning of the film, the idea that there could be any form of extra terrestrial life seemed ludicrous and Ellie was made a fool for believing in the possibility. Once Ellie and her fellow scientists receive a radio signal from the planet Vega, the government decided to take over the test site and the entire project. Without any information about the intent of the contact, the government made the assumption that it would be in their best interest to respond with violence. This response is not only true in the movie, the urge to respond to an unknown threat with violence can be seen in the way in which the United States solves world conflicts today. The quarrel between the United States and Iraq is an example of responding to the unknown with violence. Although the conflict between the United States and the extra terrestrial life on Vega is a very different from that of Iraq, there a re many similarities. Due to the lack of common laws or ideas, a sense of the unknown emerges between both parties and as this feeling increases a feeling of fear immerges. Unless the lines of communication are opened between the nations of this planet, the United States will always be on the verge of a third world war. The similarities between Contact and the Iraq versus US struggle can be displayed in Paul K Huth's model of deterrence (Huth, P (1999) Deterrence and International Conflict: Empirical Findings and Theoretical debates. Annual review of political science 2, (25-48)) This model demonstrates the connection of how anarchy leads to a security dilemma and evidently an arms race. The major similarity between the two is the idea that anarchy leads to and arms race and therefore a world war. The first point of the chart is that of anarchy. The definition of anarchy in this chart is the absence of any form of common political authority. An ex...

Outlining Simple Homework Guidelines for K-8 Teachers

Outlining Simple Homework Guidelines for K-8 Teachers Homework; the term elicits a myriad of responses. Students are naturally opposed to the idea of homework. No student ever says, â€Å"I wish my teacher would assign me more homework.†Ã‚  Most students begrudge homework and find any opportunity or possible excuse to avoid doing it. Educators themselves are split on the issue. Many teachers assign daily homework seeing it as a way to further develop and reinforce core academic skills, while also teaching students responsibility.  Other educators refrain from assigning daily homework. They view it as unnecessary overkill that often leads to frustration and causes students to resent school and learning altogether.   Parents are also divided on whether or not they welcome homework.  Those who welcome it see it as an opportunity for their children to reinforce critical learning skills. Those who loathe it see it as an infringement of their child’s time.  They say it takes away from extra-curricular activities, play time, family time, and also adds unnecessary stress. Research on the topic is also inconclusive. You can find research that strongly supports the benefits of assigning regular homework, some that denounce it as having zero benefits, with most reporting that assigning homework offers some positive benefits, but also can be detrimental in some areas. The Effects of Homework Since opinions vary so drastically, coming to a consensus on homework is nearly impossible.  We sent a survey out to parents of a school regarding the topic, asking parents these two basic questions: How much time is your child spending working on homework each night?Is this amount of time too much, too little, or just right? The responses varied significantly. In one 3rd grade class with 22 students, the responses regarding how much time their child spends on homework each night had an alarming disparity.  The lowest amount of time spent was 15 minutes, while the largest amount of time spent was 4 hours.  Everyone else fell somewhere in between.  When discussing this with the teacher, she told me that she sent home the same homework for every child and was blown away by the vastly different ranges in time spent completing it.  The answers to the second question aligned with the first.  Almost every class had similar, varying results making it really difficult to gauge where we should go as a school regarding homework. While reviewing and studying my school’s homework policy and the results of the aforementioned survey, I discovered a few important revelations about homework that I think anyone looking at the topic would benefit from: 1. Homework should be clearly defined. Homework is not unfinished classwork that the student is required to take home and complete. Homework is â€Å"extra practice† given to take home to reinforce concepts that they have been learning in class.  It is important to note that teachers should always give students time in class under their supervision to complete class work. Failing to give them an appropriate amount of class time increases their workload at home.  More importantly, it does not allow the teacher to give immediate feedback to the student as to whether or not they are doing the assignment correctly.  What good does it do if a student completes an assignment if they are doing it all incorrectly?  Teachers must find a way to let parents know what assignments are homework and which ones are classwork that they did not complete. 2. The amount of time required to complete the same homework assignment varies significantly from student to student.  This speaks to personalization. I have always been a big fan of customizing homework to fit each individual student.  Blanket homework is more challenging for some students than it is for others. Some fly through it, while others spend excessive amounts of time completing it.  Differentiating homework will take some additional time for teachers in regards to preparation, but it will ultimately be more beneficial for students. The National Education Association recommends that students be given 10-20 minutes of homework each night and an additional 10 minutes per advancing grade level. The following chart adapted from the National Education Associations recommendations can be used as a resource for teachers in Kindergarten through the 8th grade. Grade Level Recommended Amount of Homework Per Night Kindergarten 5 – 15 minutes 1st Grade 10 – 20 minutes 2nd Grade 20 – 30 minutes 3rd Grade 30 – 40 minutes 4th Grade 40 – 50 minutes 5th Grade 50 – 60 minutes 6th Grade 60 – 70 minutes 7th Grade 70 – 80 minutes 8th Grade 80 – 90 minutes It can be difficult for teachers to gauge how much time students need to complete an assignment. The following charts serve to streamline this process as it breaks down the average time it takes for students to complete a single problem in a variety of subject matter for common assignment types. Teachers should consider this information when assigning homework. While it may not be accurate for every student or assignment, it can serve as a starting point when calculating how much time students need to complete an assignment. It is important to note that in grades where classes are departmentalized it is important that all teachers are on the same page as the totals in the chart above is the recommended amount of total homework per night and not just for a single class. Kindergarten – 4th Grade (Elementary Recommendations) Assignment Estimated Completion Time Per Problem Single Math Problem 2 minutes English Problem 2 minutes Research Style Questions (i.e. Science) 4 minutes Spelling Words – 3x each 2 minutes per word Writing a Story 45 minutes for 1-page Reading a Story 3 minutes per page Answering Story Questions 2 minutes per question Vocabulary Definitions 3 minutes per definition *If students are required to write the questions, then you will need to add 2 additional minutes per problem. (i.e. 1-English problem requires 4 minutes if students are required to write the sentence/question.) 5th – 8th Grade (Middle School Recommendations) Assignment Estimated Completion Time Per Problem Single-Step Math Problem 2 minutes Multi-Step Math Problem 4 minutes English Problem 3 minutes Research Style Questions (i.e. Science) 5 minutes Spelling Words – 3x each 1 minutes per word 1 Page Essay 45 minutes for 1-page Reading a Story 5 minutes per page Answering Story Questions 2 minutes per question Vocabulary Definitions 3 minutes per definition *If students are required to write the questions, then you will need to add 2 additional minutes per problem. (i.e. 1-English problem requires 5 minutes if students are required to write the sentence/question.) Assigning Homework Example It is recommended that 5th graders have 50-60 minutes of homework per night. In a self-contained class, a teacher assigns 5 multi-step math problems, 5 English problems, 10 spelling words to be written 3x each, and 10 science definitions on a particular night. Assignment Average Time Per Problem # of Problems Total Time Multi-Step Math 4 minutes 5 20 minutes English Problems 3 minutes 5 15 minutes Spelling Words – 3x 1 minute 10 10 minutes Science Definitions 3 minutes 5 15 minutes Total Time on Homework: 60 minutes 3. There are a few critical academic skill builders that students should be expected to do every night or as needed. Teachers should also consider these things. However, they may or may not, be factored into the total time to complete homework. Teachers should use their best judgment to make that determination: Independent Reading – 20-30 minutes per dayStudy for Test/Quiz - variesMultiplication Math Fact Practice (3-4) – varies - until facts are masteredSight Word Practice (K-2) – varies - until all lists are mastered 4. Coming to a general consensus regarding homework is almost impossible.  School leaders must bring everyone to the table, solicit feedback, and come up with a plan that works best for the majority.  This plan should be reevaluated and adjusted continuously. What works well for one school may not necessarily be the best solution for another.

4 ventajas de estudiar en los Community Colleges en USA

4 ventajas de estudiar en los Community Colleges en USA Si ests interesado en estudiar una  carrera universitaria en Estados Unidos, los Community Colleges son una opcià ³n a considerar para cursar los dos primeros aà ±os. La estadà ­sticas ponen de relieve la importancia de los Community Colleges dentro del sistema universitario de los Estados Unidos. Segà ºn el Community College Research Center, el 45 por ciento de los estudiantes universitarios en el paà ­s realizan sus estudios en uno de esos centros. Esto es, ms de ocho millones de estudiantes, de los cuales ms de la mitad estudian a tiempo parcial. Quà © son los Community Colleges   El nombre de Community Colleges se refiere a instituciones universitarias que otorgan un Associates Degree al estudiante que finaliza sus estudios y requieren haber completado 60 crà ©ditos en cursos semestrales. Por contra, los colleges y universidades otorgan un tà ­tulo universitario en la forma de Bachelor ´s Degree y es necesario haber finalizado 120 crà ©ditos. Los Community Colleges tambià ©n se conocen con el nombre de Technical Colleges o Junior Colleges, incluso County Colleges. En las diferentes zonas geogrficas de Estados Unidos hay la costumbre de llamarle de distinta forma. En todo caso, es lo mismo. T ambià ©n se le conoce como instituciones de dos aà ±os, ya que si se estudia a tiempo completo y satisfactoriamente los cursos se finalizan en ese tiempo. Si no ests familiarizado con los Community Colleges y te gustarà ­a realizar estudios universitarios en Estados Unidos, deberà ­as tener en cuenta las siguientes razones para determinar si estudiar los primeros dos aà ±os en ese tipo de institucià ³n es una buena opcià ³n para ti. El costo de los Community Colleges es mucho ms asequible que el de las Universidades de 4 aà ±os El ahorro puede ser muy grande y servir para pagar gastos como alimentacià ³n, libros de texto, viajes, etc. La mayorà ­a de los Community Colleges son pà ºblicos, aunque tambià ©n los hay privados. Estos à ºltimos son ms caros, pero siguen siendo un ahorro notable en comparacià ³n con Universidades y Colleges. Adems, en la mayorà ­a de los estados hay una diferencia en el precio de la matrà ­cula (tuition) entre in state y out of state. Los que califican como in state, es decir, los residentes en ese estado generalmente pagan mucho menos que los de out of state (aunque no siempre es asà ­). Ciudadanos, residentes, refugiados y asilados que vivan en un determinado estado y cumplan con requisitos adicionales que dependen de cada estado pueden calificar para una matrà ­cula in state. Si los indocumentados califican o no para esa calificar depende del estado. Pero en muchos de ellos, sà ­ que se pueden beneficiar y pagar como in state, si realmente residen en el estado. (Si eres un muchacho o muchacha indocumentado  calificado como Dreamer y todavà ­a no has aplicado por la Accià ³n Diferida, considera hacerlo y valora sus posibles ventajas). Los estudiantes internacionales (visas F-1 o M-1) deben pagar como out of state.   Ejemplo de ahorro en coste de pago de matrà ­cula en community college frente a universidad La Universidad de Texas es pà ºblica y prestigiosa con muchos centros. Estudiar en su campus de cuatro aà ±os de Austin tiene un costo de matrà ­cula anual para el curso que empieza en octubre de 2014  de $34,722 para los estudiantes out of state. Y de $9,798 para los in  state. En comparacià ³n, Central Texas Community College, tambià ©n pà ºblico, tiene un costo por aà ±o para el curso que empieza en octubre de 2014 de $6,270 para estudiantes out of state y de $2,130 para los que pueden calificar como in state. En comparacià ³n, Rice University, tambià ©n radicada en Texas pero privada, tiene un costo de matrà ­cula anual para el mismo periodo de $40,665, para todo tipo de estudiantes, ya que al ser una institucià ³n privada no hace distinciones entre residentes en el estado y los que no lo son a la hora de determinar  cunto cuesta la matrà ­cula en ms de 1,000 Community Colleges Menores exigencias en los tests  de ingreso, como TOEFL, SATS o similares Aunque cada centro tiene sus propias reglas, en general admiten estudiantes con resultados ms bajos en los exmenes estandarizados como TOEFL, SATS y equivalentes. O puede suceder que incluso no sean un requisito. Adems, conviene tener en cuenta que los que son pà ºblicos pueden tener normas que los obliguen a aceptar dentro de su sistema a los estudiantes residentes en el estado que han obtenido su graduacià ³n de high school o equivalente, tipo GED. Esto no sucede con los estudiantes internacionales ni con los residentes de otros estados de la Unià ³n Americana. Pero sà ­ que merece resaltar que los requisitos de ingreso son, en general, ms fciles de obtener que los que piden las universidades y colleges de cuatro aà ±os. Por lo tanto, para los estudiantes que todavà ­a no se sienten cà ³modos acadà ©micamente con el inglà ©s, los Community Colleges pueden ser una gran opcià ³n. Excelente oportunidad para familiarizarse con el sistema educativo universitario de los Estados Unidos Los estudios en un Community College son dos aà ±os en los que se puede mejorar notablemente el conocimiento del inglà ©s y sus particularidades acadà ©micas. Adems, brinda la oportunidad de conocer y entender el sistema de crà ©ditos, requisitos, reas de concentracià ³n  (mayors), titulaciones, etc. Esto puede ser recomendable para los estudiantes extranjeros que no han cursado ningà ºn aà ±o de high school en Estados Unidos y desconocen el sistema de estudios. Ofrecen una titulacià ³n en sà ³lo dos aà ±os El tà ­tulo que se gana al completar los crà ©ditos es el de Associates Degree y se conoce como Diploma o Certificate. En muchos casos es suficiente para desempeà ±ar profesiones como algunos tipos bsicos de enfermerà ­a, maestro de educacià ³n temprana, paralegal, tà ©cnico de laboratorio, etc. En otros, se puede utilizar como un trampolà ­n para acceder a una universidad o college de cuatro aà ±os y asà ­ ganar una titulacià ³n universitaria completa. Si ests pensando en aplicar, recuerda que es conveniente hacerlo a ms de una (entre seis y ocho o incluso diez se considera prctica estndar). Y estos son los  ocho tipos de documentacià ³n que vas a necesitar para aplicar a la universidad  y a muchos colleges, por lo que es muy importante planear con tiempo. A pesar de las ventajas que supone estudiar en un Community College y por lo que deberà ­a ser una opcià ³n a considerar, tambià ©n hay que tener presente los siguientes inconvenientes Posible dificultad  para hacer un transfer a una universidad de cuatro aà ±os No todas las universidades y colleges aceptan estudiantes que han realizado parte de sus estudios en otra institucià ³n. O, si los aceptan, imponen condiciones duras para transferir los crà ©ditos ya estudiados. Por esta razà ³n, si lo que se pretende es estudiar una carrera de cuatro aà ±os es obligatorio   asegurarse saber  cuntas universidades y garantizan la admisià ³n de los estudiantes del Community College que se est considerando como una  opcià ³n  para estudiar los dos primeros aà ±os. La admisià ³n est garantizada siempre y cuando se haya cursado un determinado nà ºmero de crà ©ditos y el GPA (calificacià ³n media de los cursos realizados) està © dentro del mà ­nimo  aceptado por la Universidad. Adems, hay universidades que aceptan de buena gana estudiantes internacionales provenientes  de Community Colleges prestigiosos por considerar que ya conocen el sistema acadà ©mico americano. Eso puede ser asà ­ aunque no tengan firmado ningà ºn acuerdo. En estos casos va a depender de la calidad y mà ©ritos de los estudiantes. Para evitar problemas en los transfer analizar en detalle los Community Colleges que pueden ser una opcià ³n.   En el caso de estudiantes internacionales preguntar quà © tipo de apoyo tienen para acomodarse al sistema de vida americano y para mejorar en el inglà ©s. Opciones de visa para los estudiantes internacionales La visa de estudiante ms comà ºn es la F-1 y, en el caso de estudios vocacionales, la M-1. Pero a veces ms que estudiar una carrera lo que se quiere es practicar el inglà ©s y vivir unos meses en USA. En estos casos es recomendable tener en cuenta los  distintos programas que conforman la visa J-1 de intercambio, ya que en algunos casos podrà ­an ser convenientes.   Otra opcià ³n para los estudiantes que viven en Mà ©xico o Canad cerca de la frontera es solicitar una visa F-3, que les permite conocer el sistema educativo estadounidense sin necesidad de tener que vivir en los Estados Unidos. Posibles problemas para sacar la visa de estudiante Si el dinero no es un problema y te han admitido de una buena universidad de cuatro aà ±os, acepta. Los Community Colleges son una buena opcià ³n, dependiendo de las caracterà ­sticas de cada estudiante, incluso pueden ser la mejor opcià ³n en casos de inglà ©s limitado o cuando el dinero va muy justo. Pero si hay la oportunidad de ir a una buena universidad, esa deberà ­a ser siempre la primera opcià ³n. Adems, si eres estudiante internacional, aplicar para un Community College puede ser visto como sospechoso por el oficial consular que debe aprobar la visa de estudiante. Es importante conocer las causas que pueden convertir a una persona en inelegible para una visa no inmigrante, entre las que se encuentra la de estudiante. Adems, estas son  22 causas que convierten a una persona en inadmisible para ingresar a Estados Unidos. De interà ©s Si eres una persona recià ©n llegada a los Estados Unidos, es conveniente familiarizarse con las leyes y costumbres del paà ­s. Por ejemplo, para los jà ³venes es de relevancia saber cules  son las leyes de edad del consentimiento sexual.   Es importante conocer las que aplican en el estado en el que se vive. Ignorarlas puede tener efectos migratorios malos para los estudiantes internacionales. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Speaker presentation response paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Speaker presentation response paper - Essay Example For instance, Mark Zuckerberg, the person who founded Facebook claims to have been inspired by his desire to communicate with people. Although the Facebook idea began as a small idea, Zuckerberg has become a global icon by simply following his passion (Dolbeck 1-2). Passion plays an important role when determining one’s career and future business, as success can never be achieved without contentment with what one is doing. Conceivably one more insight in the presentation that attracts attention is the inability of most people to realize their full potential because of low self-esteem. Irrefutably, one has to discover their inner ability to perform in any sector before they can achieve real success. One would argue that given the fact that the speaker makes quite some sense in their presentation, a number of issues such as the of winning contracts and tenders arise as controversial thus requiring more consideration. Whereas the speaker has encouraged investors to be cautious of the business environment, it is undeniable that modern business environment has become increasingly challenging making it difficult to begin businesses. For instance, small and medium enterprises often had to contend with the fact that large and well established multinational corporations such as Wal-Mart offer stiff competition. Indeed, many small and start up businesses have either been swallowed or simply failed to take root if established within the vicinity of these multinational corporations. Usually, prospective businesspersons must put into consideration their ability to win and implement contracts successfully before they fully commit to such business practices. This is majorly because various business ventures have unique challenges that their owners must fully understand in order to succeed. Moreover, the capital input is another crucial aspect in financing of start-up businesses. This is particularly so because while some ventures require small amounts of finances to st art, others require enormous capital input that might drain an individual hoping to establish a start-up. Whereas the speaker seems optimistic on the possibilities of small businesses to grow and make appreciable profits, starting too small makes such endeavors take longer time than necessary. This seemingly discourages many small investors to stay in the start up businesses until the break-even point. The speaker has controversially argued in support of success without prior exposure to a particular venture. This has been significantly true for iconic businesses such as Microsoft, Facebook, and Coca-Cola among others. People who had no prior experience in the respective fields started such corporations. However, modern business environment arguably dictate the need to have prior experience. It does not come by surprise that many business people have been employed in other related businesses at least at some point in their lifetime. Having prior experience makes a business investmen t more of a â€Å"shoot on target† than a â€Å"shoot in the dark.† Although prior experience seems to guarantee success, it hinders creative thinking on the other hand (Psychogios and Saso 4-12). The speaker discusses the need to have an idea of the business environment when thinking of investments. Having been a victim of deep financial losses in one of my business ventures, I can identify with his claim. The speaker

Supply Chain Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 2

Supply Chain Management - Essay Example n that health care units are normally used by upper class people of high income groups (HIG) who are health conscious and wish to remain fit and trim. It could be used by children, adolescents, men and women and also elderly people. In the case of prospective location, Newcastle in UK, it is seen that percentage population above age of 60 years is 18.7%. Again, children within 18 years constitute 18.3% of the population. (Newcastle upon tyne central 2007). It is seen that in the context of current competitors’ charges, in most cases the prices are more or less equal for fitness services rendered, through use of machines or physical training, swimming pools, etc. Coming now to the second part of the question, it could be said that the main duty of a Geographical Information System (GIS) is to store, analyze, manage and present data which is connected with location. â€Å"Geography plays a role in nearly every decision we make. Choosing sites, targeting market segments, planning distribution networks, responding to emergencies, or redrawing country boundaries—all of these problems involve questions of geography.† (What is GIS). It is necessary that information needs to be associated with locations. Thus the latter plays a very determinant part in business strategy for bonding with customers or setting new plants. Again it is seen that Choosing a site, targeting a market segment, planning a distribution network, zoning a neighbourhood, allocating resources, and responding to emergencies—all these problems involve questions of geography. (Geography matters 2008). It is believed that retail business of the kind carried out by Tesco could greatly benefit by GIS. â€Å"Businesses maintain information about sales, customers, inventory, demographic profiles, and mailing lists, all of which have geographic locations. Therefore, business managers, marketing strategists, financial analysts, and professional planners increasingly rely on GIS to organize, analyze,

Understanding Tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Understanding Tourism - Essay Example Consequently, this behaviour of tourists towards certain destinations create the understanding about demand in the tourism industry. Hence, the aspects of tourism that influence tourists’ behaviours towards preference for a particular destination defines the success of a given tourism region. A tourist region can either be tourist generating or tourist destination. However, this paper focuses on tourist generating regions. According to Williams (2004), â€Å"Tourism generation regions can be defined as the permanent residential bases of tourists, the place where the tourist begin and end, and in particular those features of the region which incidentally cause or stimulate the temporary outflow† (p.32). Tourist generating region provides the basic market and the source for prospective tourism demand in the tourism industry. As such, major tourism activities such a marketing takes place in this region including wholesaling, retailing, promotion and advertising. Since such regions exhibit tourist exodus, it is important to understand the commercial and sociological factors that motivate them to go for holidays in other places. Similarly, it is imperative to evaluate the economic, cultural, and social effects of this exodus on in a community where people depart to other areas. The components of a tourist generating region include both geographical setting and behavioural factors that relate to motivation. This essays explores these components, as well as performance of France as a tourist generating region. French people go for both leisure and business destinations. For the leisure destinations, the holidays starts in the months of July or August depending on a person’s preference. The idea of a vacation in France is a taste of luxury life. However, this is not the luxury of overpriced accommodation and Fifth Avenue shopping, but luxury of a life free from work. This

Lesson 5 Disscusion and Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lesson 5 Disscusion and - Assignment Example The lyrics were written by big talents and were very innovative. In most Motown music albums, it appeared that the sound engineers placed the echo and equalizer right on the tape when they were moving between the rhythm tracks. In every Motown album the musicians and equalizer were same, but each album was different from the other. Making the albums required loads of creativity and most of the times it was the combinations of all the songs in an album that is more admiring than any individual song of the album (Coffey, 82-83). One popular Motown album was released in 1960 by the American singer Sammy Ward also known as Singing Sammy. The bestseller song of the album was â€Å"That’s Why I Love You So Much† which he sang duet with Sherri Taylor. Tin Pan Alley was the name given to the West 28th Street in New York where many musicians did business during the period between 1880 and 1953. Some examples of this model are Frank Sinatra’s â€Å"Young at Heart†, Cole Porter’s â€Å"High Society† etc. It is not practically possible to pin down a definite year as the starting era of rock ‘n’ roll music. It was in 1953 that rock ‘n’ roll gained significant popularity in the music industry with Crazy Man Crazy recorded by Bill Haley (Gillett, 3). The Beatles were an English rock band that originated in Liverpool in the year 1960, and it ruled rock ‘n’ roll industry for the next ten years. Their immense popularity worldwide can be attributed to their variety of wonderful songs that have become integrated in the modern music culture. Each song is characterized by unique sound. One interesting fact regarding the Beatles is that they composed their own songs, and the publishing rights of the songs were considered as commercial property to be sold by their manager, Brian Epstein (Richards, 1-2). The Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band is the most popular rock ‘n’ roll album ever made by the Beatles who were considered as the mo narch of

Individual 4 international financial market Essay

Individual 4 international financial market - Essay Example Mean is often used to determine the expected future returns of mutual funds since it is the best estimate that can be used from the past data. Resources such as NASDAQ stock prices or Yahoo finance are used to provide to help project the future returns of securities. As long as any positive trend or negative trend is noted and taken into consideration, the use of historical data is therefore appropriate in predicting future mutual fund performance. We can also use the mean to project the future and also deliver the obligatory caveat that past returns are not necessarily indicative of future returns. Discussion The mean return is used to analyse the current market performance of the business and to make future projection. The expected mean is sometimes appropriate best estimate available of future returns, where the actual return is likely to be equal to the expected return. Due to this reason investors would prefer to have an idea of how precise their estimates might be. To assist in quantifying the managers and investors estimates, standard deviation and variance are always preferred to be used. Standard deviation is the measure of variability which is also used as the standard measure of the total risk of individual assets and portfolio assets. It measures how far from the expected return the actual return might be. The two companies discussed has the same positive return but their level of risk as measured by the variance cannot be seen to be the same. ConocoPhillips (COP) It is a multinational energy corporation with its headquarters located in Texas in the United States. The company is viewed as one of the largest independent pure play exploration and production and it is also one of the big fortune 500 companies. The company was founded in 1875 as the continental oil and Transportation Company. The company have gone through different stages to reach this far. It is considered the top performing company financially in the NASDAQ financial market. Most of f inancial analysts use standard deviation when working with historical returns since they are deemed to be samples unless 100% of the data points are used in the calculation. The company recorded a negative average mean of -5.64%. Even though the company is the best performing in the current stock market its long term financial plan has failed and they have recorded a loss. On the other hand the company strategy for the upcoming trade is more profitable as shown by their projected return shown by the standard deviation measurement that have indicated a positive percentage of 4.41%. The variance of the company stock also shows a positive percentage of 19.46%, therefore showing that the company obligation to meet long term goals is positive. Dr. Reddy's Laboratories This is an international pharmaceutical company that is based in Hyderaband, Andhra Pradesh in India. The company was found by Dr Anji Reddy who had been working in a publicly owned Indian drugs pharmaceutical limited. The company manufactures and markets a wide range of pharmaceuticals in India and overseas, with over 90 different types of medication and 60 active pharmaceutical ingredients, for drug manufacture, diagnostic kits, critical care, and biotechnology products. The historical performance of the company has indicated a good financial market. The result of the return from the past 10 month’

Lesson 5 Disscusion and Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lesson 5 Disscusion and - Assignment Example The lyrics were written by big talents and were very innovative. In most Motown music albums, it appeared that the sound engineers placed the echo and equalizer right on the tape when they were moving between the rhythm tracks. In every Motown album the musicians and equalizer were same, but each album was different from the other. Making the albums required loads of creativity and most of the times it was the combinations of all the songs in an album that is more admiring than any individual song of the album (Coffey, 82-83). One popular Motown album was released in 1960 by the American singer Sammy Ward also known as Singing Sammy. The bestseller song of the album was â€Å"That’s Why I Love You So Much† which he sang duet with Sherri Taylor. Tin Pan Alley was the name given to the West 28th Street in New York where many musicians did business during the period between 1880 and 1953. Some examples of this model are Frank Sinatra’s â€Å"Young at Heart†, Cole Porter’s â€Å"High Society† etc. It is not practically possible to pin down a definite year as the starting era of rock ‘n’ roll music. It was in 1953 that rock ‘n’ roll gained significant popularity in the music industry with Crazy Man Crazy recorded by Bill Haley (Gillett, 3). The Beatles were an English rock band that originated in Liverpool in the year 1960, and it ruled rock ‘n’ roll industry for the next ten years. Their immense popularity worldwide can be attributed to their variety of wonderful songs that have become integrated in the modern music culture. Each song is characterized by unique sound. One interesting fact regarding the Beatles is that they composed their own songs, and the publishing rights of the songs were considered as commercial property to be sold by their manager, Brian Epstein (Richards, 1-2). The Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band is the most popular rock ‘n’ roll album ever made by the Beatles who were considered as the mo narch of

Professional Sports in American History Movie Review

Professional Sports in American History - Movie Review Example As a result, neither the book nor the movie contain what is traditionally considered to be a protagonist, the type of character that someone gets emotionally involved with and roots for. In part, this is due to complexity of the characters who are not presented in simple black and white terms as stock heroes or villains. Because an author just by virtue of his medium has more time to evoke resonance and nuance than a fillmaker, Eliott Asinof succeeds in portraying the scandal with more complexity than John Sayles can in his film. The true story behind what really happened in any actual event is always dependent upon a variety of elements. Since no one involved at any level in this drama can possibly come out looking anything better than unscrupulous or gullible, it should not be at all surprising that any of them might have been unwilling to be completely honest. The statements given by the players to the Grand Jury raised more than questions than answers, and the true story of the gamblers who set the whole thing in motion will forever remain steeped in the mysterious code of omerta that makes most underworld dealings an account of rumors at best. That atmosphere of ambiguity and uncertainty is felt throughout the book and, indeed, lends it a sense of greatness. The reader can never be completely c ertain just how deeply involved in the scandal were such players Buck Weaver and Shoeless Joe Jackson. Since movies are made for the satisfaction of a mass audience that has less patience with unanswered questions, John Sayles was forced to be less indefinite. The film provides a starker contrast between those players who are committed to the act of athletic sabotage and those who are assumed to be mere pawns in a much more dangerous game. The difference is not necessarily artistic, but economic. The wider the intentended audience for a work art, the less likely one is to see nuance and subtlety. As an example, compare an independent film about a low-budget independent film about a parent/child relationship with any top rated sitcom. One central similarity between the book and the movie is the decision to make pitcher Eddie Cicotte the emotional center. Cicotte, despite being one of those players for which there is little doubt he was a willful participant, nevertheless seems to hav e the best reason of all to do what he did. The book and movie both present Cicotte as the primary recipient of White Sox owner Charlie Comiskey's sensational greed, but while also falling short of turning him into a hero; he was a great pitcher who was denied a bonus for winning thirty games in a season only because he, allegedly, Comiskey ordered him to be benched so he wouldn't have the chance. While both book and movie strive to make Eddie Cicotte at least sympathetic if not actualy laudable, he is used to different ideological aims in the two media. For Asinoff, Cicotte's position is exploited primarily as a figure who is opposition to Charlie Comiskey. In the book, Eddie Cicotte comes across as older and a bit more fragile, an aging pitcher whose arm was the feeling the effects of the thousands of balls he'd pitched over the year. Despite the fact that his contributions and loyalty were expressed in a 29-7 record, however, his bank account did not reflect his part in providing owner Comiskey with a team

The terms symbol and imagery Essay Example for Free

The terms symbol and imagery Essay Define the terms symbol and imagery, and analyze how each of the stories uses symbols to add depth to the quality of the story. A child loves mother unconditionally and wants to spend as much time with her as possible. However, the same little one cuddles mummys sweater while she has to work at night and let her baby go to bed without her. Does it happen because the baby loves the sweater too? Obviously this is not the case. The sweater symbolizes the woman who was seen wearing it so many times, whose perfumes can still be smelled on it. Everyday objects may acquire symbolic value, which allows a unique way of expression and also effectively stimulates imagination. Similarly, a little boy enjoys stories describing wind that can he can feel on his face, singing birds that he can hear, and breathtaking views that he can see. All these are only images of his memories, but create an exciting world of almost real experiences. The more images triggering mind to bring memories of sensation of testes, touch, sights, the more authentic and vivid the story appears. Both, symbolism and imagery are tools used cleverly by William Faulkner in A rose for Emily and Shirley Jackson in The lottery; consequently, the two short stories are pieces of wonderful, deep, and moving literature. Symbols in A Rose for Emily have a deep and underlying insight to the story. Faulkner uses them to represent the intangible qualities of Miss Emily Grierson, such as her physical and emotional deterioration. The Grierson house description compliments effectively the image of Miss Emily itself. In its prime, the house appears as white, decorated with cupolas and spires and scroll balconies in the heavily lightsome style of the seventies (Faulkner 74). It can be assumed that it is build not only for function, but also to show off and to impress the other townspeople. Similarly, Emily Grierson dresses in a conspicuous manner, as all wealthy women of this time. She carried her head high enough as if she demanded more than ever the recognition of her dignity as the last Grierson (77). Both Miss Emily and her house stand out and give an impression of wealth to onlookers. As the story progresses, the physical decline the woman and the house are exposed to become clear. Just as the house is filed with dust and shadows (79), Emily ages and she had grown fat and her hair was turning gray (78). Ultimately, at the time of Miss Emilys death, the house is seen by the townspeople as an eyesore among eyesores (74), and Miss Emily is perceived as a fallen monument (78). Both are lifeless and empty. Maybe even more significant is comparison of Emilys unwillingness to change and the appearance of the Griersons house. Miss Emily refuses to obey the tax law and recalls the since departed mayor, Colonel Sartoris, who remitted her taxes (75). She does not want to pay taxes and does not accept any way of treating her different than one from her youth time. Emily believes she, as a successor of affluent family, deserves unconditional respect from the rest of the world. Likewise, just as Miss Emily held herself high, the house is presented as lifting its stubborn and coquettish decay above the cotton wagons and the gasoline pumps (74). It can be assumed the cotton wagons and the gasoline pumps are used to symbolize townspeople who were seen by Miss Emily as unimportant and purposeless. This comparison proves that Faulkners use of symbols in A rose for Emily was a extremely effective way of building the depth of the story. While reading A rose for Emily the pictures and impressions presented in the story appear easy to imagine thanks to the writers use of details. Faulkner creates a very horrifying image of death which prevalently occurs throughout the whole story. Five actual deaths discussed or mentioned in passing saturate the readers imagination with a very strong and distinct icon of this phenomenon. The plot begins with narrators recollections of Emilys funeral that happens to gather the entire community. Our whole town went to her funeral (Faulkner 74) says one of the observators. This simple statement triggers series of images that each reader stores in his/her mind: many sad faces, dark clothes, the silence, fear, and maybe even curiosity, all of them reffer to death. Moreover, the narrators description of Emily is that of a drown woman: She looked bloated, like a body long submerged in motionless water, and of that pallid hue (79). An awful sight of a body that used to be known as Miss Emily is now a photography taken by the talented author. Equally expressive are Faulkners numerous figurative portraits of Emily herself in which he frames her in doorways or windows. The chronological organization of Emilys portraits visually imprints the changes occurring throughout her life. Like an impressionist painting that changes as the viewer moves to different positions. Without the symbolism of its characters, The Lottery by Shirley Jackson would be little more than an odd tale about a stoning. Each character represents some idea and the settings of the story help to magnify those representations. The first character, Old Man Warner, is probably the most symbolic character of the story. Everything he says resembles tradition of the community he was born to. He persistently criticizes new ideas about the lottery and all the changes that have been made to its procedure. He calls a pack of crazy fools (Jackson 211) people of a neighboring village for they are considering doing away with the lottery. Old Man Warner symbolizes the old generation of people who always readily guard the good name of tradition and do not accept any changes to it. The Hutchinson Family serves as a symbol of internal faults that many humans have, such as cowardice and indifference. Bill Hutchinson is apparently so scared of saying no to authority that he will not take the necessary steps to protect his family. As a matter of fact, he is the one who forces Tessie, his wife, to admit that she has been chosen to be stoned. Bill stand by while the village people slowly kill the woman of his life, but his is not able to overcome his fear of consequences of standing out. To belong to the group is Bills major desire; therefore, he gives up his family and chooses the ritual over it. Furthermore, it seems as if cowardice affected the entire. No one has enough courage to stand up and officially refuse The Lottery ritual. Like in reality, many people only whisper hiding faces behind others backs, but so few have courage to oppose and resist the majority. The combination of settings, symbolic characters, and a surprising ending make The Lottery by Shirley Jackson a truly powerful and provoking story. Shirley Jackson paints the lottery scene using comparison of two elements: the villagers apparition and the appearance of nature. The beginning of the first paragraph informs that the morning of June 27th was clear and sunny with the fresh warmth of a full summer day; the flowers were blossoming profusely and the grass was richly green (Jackson 208). Readers attention focuses on the beautiful impression of colorful flowers, juicy grass, and the warmth and peace of another summer day. Similarly, the people who came to participate in the lottery seem quite happy and careless. The children tended to gather together quietly (209). The men spend time speaking of planting and rain, tractors and taxes (209) as if they do not suspect what is going to happen next. The people and the nature look to be unified and inseparable. A rose for Emily as well as The Lottery present an effective way of use of symbol and imagery. Expanded meaning of a particular word or thing creates a new set of correlations. Faulkner, for instance, uses the Grierson house as a substitute for Miss Emilys physical characteristics. On the other hand, imagery provides a channel to readers active imagination. Jacksons choice of words act as a trigger to readers mind; the description of the nature provides enough vivid details to actually see the whole picture.

Evidenced Based Practice In Social Care Social Work Essay

Evidenced Based Practice In Social Care Social Work Essay Evidence-based practice is a way that is followed in providing healthcare which is guided by thoughtful integration of the very best of the currently available knowledge with a clinical expertise. This approach of research in nursing practice allows the medical practitioner to have a critical assessment of the research adapt, the clinical guidelines as well as other sources of information to enhance correct identification of the clinical problem and thus application of the most high quality interventions while re-evaluating the outcome for further improvements in the future. According to Cochrane collaboration evidence based health care is a conscientious offing of the current best evidence to make decision about the care given to the patients or in the delivery process of the health and social services (Titler, Goode, 2001) The concept of evidence is used to refer to range of tangible information that is usable in identifying a problem and the necessity of responding to it forming an essential requirement for later evaluation purposes. The idea of current best evidence is information that is up to date and relevant therefore can be sued in carrying out of a valid research about various forma of health and social care, the possible harm from exposure to certain agents, accuracy of the diagnostic tests and finally the power of the predictability of the prognostic powers. This paper will offer a critical review of the evidence based practice as in concerns to the field of health and social care in nursing profession (Mason Chaffee, 2002) The term evidence based medicine was first sued in the 1980s and was used to describe the approaches that were used to in determining the best practice and was alter shifted to become evidence based practice especially after its importance in decisions making were recognized by clinicians and physicians. after that expert begun talking of the evidence based health care as process in which research evidence was used to make decisions regarding specific population or groups of patients hence assuming that the evidence was used in context of the particular group or patients preferences, desires, clinical situation and finally on the expertise of the clinicians. Experts as expect that the healthcare professionals are able to read, critique as well as synthesize the research findings to help them in interpreting the existing evidence based guideline soft e clinical practice. In recent years funding agencies have been increasing their pressure on the federal, state and local government to incase the effectiveness as well as the accountability of the preventive and intervention programs. The rising demand for increased quality of health and social programs and evidence of such quality ahs fostered for increased interest in the evidence based programs. These programs judge to be evidence based if the evaluation research indicates that the program is producing positive and expected result, and that the result can actually be attributed to the specific program but not on extraneous factor, if the evaluation is previewed by the experts while in the field and finally the programs must be endorsed by a respected research agency or federal agency which have listed it as one of their effective programs (McCarthy, 2007). The evidence based practice have been getting an increasing attention in the field of health and social care and it focuses on the perspectives of the professionals in the midwifery, physiotherapy, social acre and nursing. This new approach is seen as an optimistic approach and has had wide acceptance as it demonstrates an organization attempts to bridge the existing research practice divide which include in the process of interpretation of research outcomes as concerning the practice protocols, guidelines and standards. Nurses have often served instrumental roles in the process of ensuring as well as provision of the evidence based practice through a continuous asking of question reading the best evidence for the interventions, provisions of the best practice and finally on the possibility of achieving the highest outcome both for the patient, family and nurse. Therefore they have always been positioned to working with in collaboration with colleagues when it comes to identification of clinical problems and in the use of the exiting evidence in priding an improved practice. There are numerous opportunities that nurses can question in order to ensure that the current nursing practices use the evidence based methods to improve and make provision of health and social acre more effective. The evidence based practice research has benefited the health and social care service providers and agencies in various ways. Some of the benefits includes: helping nurses to provide patient care that is based on research and knowledge rather than on normality, intuition, traditions, myths, advice of colleague, personal experiences outdated books and hunches. Other benefits include the better and improved patient outcomes, keeps the nursing practice current and relevant, increases confidence when it comes to decision making processes, ensures that policies ad procedures in the practice are current and includes the latest research hence supporting the JCAHO -readiness and finally the integration of evidence based practice in to the practice of nursing is very important for provision of high quality patient care and achievement of the ANCC Magnet Recognition Program designation ((McCarthy, 2007). Evidence based practice in the filed of social care is defined as the conscious, explicit and judicious process of using the current best evidence in the making of decisions that regards the welfare of the service user and careers. For the past decade health and social services providers have been under pressure to increase accountability in the provision of their service especially regarding methods of measuring the effectiveness of health and social services for instance on what works the best and on the introduction of diverse range of performance indicators in the field. Some of the question that that nurses and care givers ask themselves regarding the evidence based practice in the field oh health and social care include the types of methods of evidence based that promote the best practice while ensuring that patient get the best and improved health and social services that factor in their personal preference, cultural and social differences. Effectiveness of social provision services under that children are all securely attached to careers that are capable ensuring provision of safe and effective care during the duration of their childhood and the related indicator of performance in the reduction of to no more than sixteen percent of children looked after who have two to tree annual placement (French, 2002). The concept of effectiveness in the involve the appropriateness and validity of the methods theater used by professionals in their daily work to ensuring that the basic aims of the organization and the overall abilities of the agencies in delivering services they required to while the concept of performance is concerned with the ability of n agency to achieve predetermined targets that are viewed as the determinants of both quality and quantity of the services delivered. The three Es i.e. effectiveness, efficiency and performance were the performance indicators during the 1980s. In the social and health service care the attention of the public was shifted towards the issue spreading child abuse and protection tragedies that were culminated in the enquiry of Cleveland case. This led to an increasing number of question asked concerning the effectiveness of the process of assessment sexual abuses in children and the interventions that were targeted at the victims and the perpetrators. Social service departments as well as other social acre providers are being increasing expected to be accountable for the effectiveness of the service that that are delivered both at the organizational level as well as on the specific programs used in various interventions (Gray, 1997) Therefore information technology as played a critical role when it comes to providing the means of which organizations and agencies utilize in monitoring the social service it provides and hence becoming capable of providing information that is used to achieve accountability. Focusing on the effectiveness has fostered the raising of fundamental issues regarding the nature of the research of the social work. When on considers the evidence that emerges from the National Health Service, there is a massive variations in the health service provided both for the cost between identical treatments and also in the duration and provision of the various form of treatments. Such difference can only be explained based o n the different medical or social needs as well as on the questions raised on the electiveness of such treatments. Some of the initiative designed to help in improving the services provided by health providers include the creation of national institute for clinical excellence which is intended to improve service through the use of shared knowledgebase as well as the set standards (Titler, Goode, 2001) In addition to that another impact of the effectiveness agenda in the provision of social and health service can be evident in the proliferation of the policy as well as guidance documents as well as the creation of specific initiatives intended to increaser guides in the field for instance the Centre for Evidence-Based Social Services (CEBSS). At a national level there has been development of detailed guidance as well as practice manual both for the social care staff and other professional regarding the procedures that are followed in the handling of cases of suspected child abuse but all these vary specifically on the extent in which they based on research or on other agency priorities. Finally the most concrete manifestation of the best practice in social care services is the Centre for Evidence-Based Social Services started in 1997 and based at Exeter University. The centre aims at ensuring that the decision take at every level of social service are based on trends and quality research and it conduct training on ways of achieving the stated aims. The Centre for Evidence-Based Social Services is partnership between the department of health and the social services department from corner to corner of England and at Exeter University. The organization has recently expanded to other areas and associations have various aims including the following: To help in the translation of the results of the existing research in to the service and development of the practice. Ensures that the findings derived from research are made available to the social service departments especially during the review and changing of the delivery systems To promote collaboration with other stakeholders like degree and PQ to ensuring that the training conducted in social work incorporates the available knowledge from existing research Improvement of general informational dissemination especially of research findings to the local policy makers, practitioners, managers, careers and service users Commissioning of research on areas where information gaps are identified finally is to ensure working towards level where surface user and careers are included as the valuable sources of information especially when it comes on the service effectiveness projects. Untangling the Web-The impact of internet use on the social care and the physician-patient Relationship Methods The current study lies at the intersection process and outcome study, in the process of exploring the impacts of the internet use on the social care as well as the physician-patient relations. It processes insight into the operations by which individuals access and use online social care information. It borrows much from the web based qualitative approaches. Interviews were carried out to investigate peoples meanings that are attached to their internet use, in relation to their social as well as day-day life. To ensure that the engagement of the internet user is grasped with the online medium, it was as well much significant to meet the seekers of the information in their location of activity. The initial contact and recruitment of the interviewees were hence situated online. Email Interviews With the internet users looking for social care information online, the email interview was conducted. The recruitment of the interviewees was on UK websites for lawyers for low income people, social guidance counsellors, food providers and government officials, amongst others. The reason for focusing on such like web site was because they in most cases address themselves to the public with a multiple to the public in general with multiple social issues. There are even in most cases related topics developed on the similar website. Lawyers for low income as well as food providers for instance provides various general poverty level, while general social care website becomes an important place to government and non governmental organization involvement, and also attracts various profiles of social care information seekers. These websites were identified through systematic internet research, by the use of 20 search engines as well as directories. The initial search came up with 920 websites. By the use of frequency criteria, as well as presence, 4o websites were selected. Then, they were conducted and invited for the invited to contribute to the research at hand. Amongst them, 10 websites responded positively and the research was advertised either as a web link on one of there pages, or as message in groups of discussions. The researcher posted it, after being permitted by the website administrator. Other ten were later added fin light of evidence about their appropriate content their frequent by the first interviewer. The advertisement was made to direct internet users to the website of the research where the study goals, methods and privacy were all explained. On top of responding to an online questioner, the internet users were also invited to participate in the interviews by first cond8ucting the research through email, phone or even by the use of conventional mail. As a matter of fact, only two interviewees used phone while none used conventional mails. The initial exchange of around three emails before the base was set, the basis for the undertaking full email interviews, though the participants were all given at any junction of even meeting face-to-face, or even undertake an interview through exposure. The demographic data like the respondents age, employment, gender, education, social status, health status, as well as income, were all collected to serve the purpose of statistical controls. Respondents also were asked, if they have ever worked or ever stayed in a social care related units. In addition, they were questioned about their views in non traditional social care services. Email Qualitative Research Email interview is just asynchronous online method of interviewing, based generally on several email exchange between the participants and the researcher (Bampton Cowton, 2002). Such like interviews allows greater flexibility for the interviewee, who might answer at his/her own convenience. Though it lacks the immediacy as compared to face-face interviews, once the basis has been set up, email communications helps in the attainment of conventional interviews and creates personal as well as thoughtful communications. In addition, email interviews allows repeated interactions as time goes by, this has been proved to be much significance for the deeper understanding of everyones dimension of the participants doctors relationship, (Mann Stewart, 2000). About 20-30 emails had been already exchanged between the each respondent and the researcher. The time of interview time relying on the speed that was adopted by the interviewees for replying the email. The interviewee age varied from 20 to 60 years. The respondents respondent to questions like what was their level of social help? They were also asked about the source of their social care? Another question was about their social problem that needs social care? The gender imbalance especially interviewees, especially in favour of females can be attributed to several reasons. One of them being the specificity of the mode of interview; given the gendered use as well as the social purposes of email communication; the initial email contacts might have installed an intimacy level, which in one way or the other might have locked the door out for male audience. Another reason might be the focus on social care issues like lawyers for low income individuals and the general social care websites. Though such like websites are addressed to the public in general and purpose males social problem topics, the dimension of gender of these social issues as well as their related website has to be recognized, (Saltonstall, 1993). Another reason that can explain is that, females are socially constructed as the social gatekeepers of the family, and the society as a whole. Although according to the survey knowledge, findings proving that online social information seekers are mainly females. However the gender imbalance raises the question of whether the differentiated presence as well as the gendered use of the internet regarding social information, dimensions that need to researched on din another research. The email interviews were semi-structured, such like interviewing form being characterized by its openness and its enabling the interviewer to ensure that all themes rose as well as narratives provided by interviewees. The guide of the interview focuses on the three main issues namely; the traits, context as well as the implications of the internet for social information reasons. Though initially, this method was being considered as secondary source of data collection, the relations that interviewees have with their doctors, in real sense constituted the major theme. One after the other, topics was all discussed. The process of exchanging questions, and answers having no pre-judged other than just following a style that is far much conversational style. Analysis The most appropriate application to the interview data according to, (Boyatzis, 1998, Flick, 1998) is thematic analysis. The application consists of encoding qualitative information through creation of several themes that usually organises a number of themes that have the capability of organizing qualitative observation as well as describing the data into coherent as well as meaningful ideas and constructs, which forms the foundation for the interpretation for such like data. At first, themes were organized following the interview guide before being elaborated into further subdivided themes that offers the coding foundation, under which further themes that were created inductively were also integrated, (Flick, 1998). Normally, formal informed consent is much important for all qualitative research methods in social care practices apart from participant observation, no matter the sampling method that was used in the identification of potential participants and the strategies used during their recruitment. The number of project-specific factors at ultimately upon a provably ethics committee, determines whether informed consent is written or oral. At the recruitment stage, obtaining informed consent for qualitative research involves clearly explaining the project to potential study participants. Ethical Issues for the Conduct The best protection of the subject interest and well-being is the protection of their identity. If revealing the behavior or the responds harm them then adherence to this norm is important. The two principles involved include anonymity and confidentiality. The research subject is perceived anonymous when the researcher cant associate a given data with the individual. Anonymity highlights several potential difficulties. The studies that involve field observation methods usually ensure that the research subjects are not known. Researchers might also expand access to nonpublic reports from both governmental and non-governmental organizations agencies in which the names of individuals have been uninvolved. An example is a web based survey in which no log in or other identifying data is needed. The subjects anonymously fill the questionnaires that are then tabulated. Promising anonymity makes it difficult to keep record of which sampled subjects have been interviewed. Sometimes the value of anonymity is worth paying. Other methods of information collection make it impossible to assure anonymity for the respondents. Confidentiality comes in when the researcher links the data with the individual but promises not to do so in public. In a study of self-reported drug use, the researcher is in a position to make it open the use of illegal drugs by a given subject but the subject is guaranteed that it will not happen. Research using police or court reports that contains individuals names might protect the confidentiality by not including any leading information. All names and addresses data gathering forms should be interchanged by identification numbers and master identification files made to link numbers to names to allow latter corrections missing information, (LoBiondo-Wood, Haber, 2006). Confidentiality comes in when the researcher links the data with the individual but promises not to do so in public. In a study of social care practice, the researcher is in a position to make it open so that it can be used by a given subject for the benefit of the respondent, but the subject is guaranteed that it will not happen. Research using reports that contains individuals names might protect the confidentiality by not including any leading information. All names and addresses data gathering forms should be interchanged by identification numbers and master identification files made to link numbers to names to allow latter corrections missing information. The Ability to Critique The research needs to know how to reduce the need of labeling children as for instance disabled so that they can address the learning and behavioral requirements of such like children in a social care program. Most o0f these national psychological as well as social care providers do have ethical standards that require science based practices to air some sort of problems, for instance, the American psychological association ethical standards, amongst others. There has been no agreement upon both quality as well as quantity of evidence that is necessary for the validation as well as intervention as being evidence-based practices in social care practices. Just the research methods of a single participant design are many convincing illustrations of the casual relationships. Social care practice analysis has been for a long period of time been criticized due to limited generalizability, as an effect of the small number of this taking part in the research study. In real since, there are no established standards within social care practices analysis for the validation of interventions. As an effect, there has been no single resource that decision makers can rely on to provide guidance about the best intervention to take it under practice in case of a particular problem. The identification of evidence-based interventions is much important but not enough to provide assurance that they will be implemented in practice setting. It is nevertheless important to address issues that ought to be complex which are associated with the implementation, (Joyce, et al, 1998).